Effects of anger suppression on pain severity and pain behaviors among chronic pain patients: Evaluation of an ironic process model.

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 645-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Burns ◽  
Phillip Quartana ◽  
Wesley Gilliam ◽  
Erika Gray ◽  
Justin Matsuura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Pain Severity ◽  
Anger Suppression ◽  
Pain Behaviors ◽  
Chronic Pain Patients ◽  
Ironic Process ◽  
Pain Patients

Depression level, not pain severity, is associated with smoked medical marijuana dosage among chronic pain patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 110130
Author(s):  
Daniel Feingold ◽  
Silviu Brill ◽  
Itay Goor-Aryeh ◽  
Yael Delayahu ◽  
Shaul Lev-Ran
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Medical Marijuana ◽  
Pain Severity ◽  
Chronic Pain Patients ◽  
Depression Level ◽  
Pain Patients

scholarly journals Pain Related-Visual Imagery is Associated with Distress in Chronic Pain Sufferers

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 577-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Gillanders ◽  
Louise Potter ◽  
Paul Graham Morris
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Physical Disability ◽  
Postal Survey ◽  
Pain Severity ◽  
Mental Images ◽  
Standardized Measures ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Chronic Pain Patients ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
Pain Patients

Background: Chronic pain patients often describe their pain in ways that suggest vivid mental images, with some reporting images relating to their pain. Despite these clinical observations, there are few studies describing the nature and consequences of these images. This study examined whether mental imagery of pain is associated with levels of reported distress, cognitions, disability or pain severity. Method: In a postal survey, 83 adult chronic pain patients indicated whether or not they experienced mental images of their pain. They also completed standardized measures of depression, anxiety, cognitions, disability and pain severity. Those reporting images were compared to those not reporting images on their responses to the other variables. Results: People with pain imagery reported significantly higher levels of anxiety, depression and catastrophizing than patients who did not report such images. No differences were found on measures of physical disability. Discussion: Mental images of pain appear to be associated with higher levels of anxiety, depression and catastrophizing. It is possible that these images play a role in maintaining such difficulties. For these patients, imagery may provide a route via which clinicians can work with patients to help them reinterpret or respond more flexibly to their pain.

scholarly journals Anhedonia in chronic pain and prescription opioid misuse

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 1977-1988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric L. Garland ◽  
Martin Trøstheim ◽  
Marie Eikemo ◽  
Gernot Ernst ◽  
Siri Leknes
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Reward Processing ◽  
Pain Severity ◽  
Prescription Opioid ◽  
Opioid Misuse ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Chronic Pain Patients ◽  
Pain Patients

AbstractBackgroundBoth acute and chronic pain can disrupt reward processing. Moreover, prolonged prescription opioid use and depressed mood are common in chronic pain samples. Despite the prevalence of these risk factors for anhedonia, little is known about anhedonia in chronic pain populations.MethodsWe conducted a large-scale, systematic study of anhedonia in chronic pain, focusing on its relationship with opioid use/misuse, pain severity, and depression. Chronic pain patients across four distinct samples (N = 488) completed the Snaith–Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS), measures of opioid use, pain severity and depression, as well as the Current Opioid Misuse Measure (COMM). We used a meta-analytic approach to determine reference levels of anhedonia in healthy samples spanning a variety of countries and diverse age groups, extracting SHAPS scores from 58 published studies totaling 2664 psychiatrically healthy participants.ResultsCompared to healthy samples, chronic pain patients showed higher levels of anhedonia, with ~25% of patients scoring above the standard anhedonia cut-off. This difference was not primarily driven by depression levels, which explained less than 25% of variance in anhedonia scores. Neither opioid use duration, dose, nor pain severity alone was significantly associated with anhedonia. Yet, there was a clear effect of opioid misuse, with opioid misusers (COMM ⩾13) reporting greater anhedonia than non-misusers. Opioid misuse remained a significant predictor of anhedonia even after controlling for pain severity, depression and opioid dose.ConclusionsStudy results suggest that both chronic pain and opioid misuse contribute to anhedonia, which may, in turn, drive further pain and misuse.

scholarly journals Anhedonia in chronic pain and prescription opioid misuse

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Garland ◽  
Martin Trøstheim ◽  
Marie Eikemo ◽  
Gernot Ernst ◽  
Siri Leknes
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Reward Processing ◽  
Pain Severity ◽  
Prescription Opioid ◽  
Opioid Misuse ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Chronic Pain Patients ◽  
Pain Patients

BACKGROUND:Both acute and chronic pain can disrupt reward processing. Moreover, prolonged prescription opioid use and depressed mood are common in chronic pain samples. Despite the prevalence of these risk factors for anhedonia, little is known about anhedonia in chronic pain populations.METHODS:We conducted a large-scale, systematic study of anhedonia in chronic pain, focusing on its relationship with opioid use/misuse, pain severity, and depression. Chronic pain patients across four distinct samples (N = 488) completed the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS), measures of opioid use, pain severity and depression, as well as the Current Opioid Misuse Measure (COMM). We used a meta-analytic approach to determine reference levels of anhedonia in healthy samples spanning a variety of countries and diverse age groups, extracting SHAPS scores from 58 published studies totaling 2664 psychiatrically healthy participants.RESULTS:Compared to healthy samples, chronic pain patients showed higher levels of anhedonia, with ~25% of patients scoring above the standard anhedonia cut-off. This difference was not primarily driven by depression levels, which explained less than 25% of variance in anhedonia scores. Neither opioid use duration, dose, nor pain severity alone was significantly associated with anhedonia. Yet, there was a clear effect of opioid misuse, with opioid misusers (COMM ⩾13) reporting greater anhedonia than non-misusers. Opioid misuse remained a significant predictor of anhedonia even after controlling for pain severity, depression and opioid dose.CONCLUSIONS:Study results suggest that both chronic pain and opioid misuse contribute to anhedonia, which may, in turn, drive further pain and misuse.

The relationship between chronic musculoskeletal pain, anxiety and mindfulness: Adjustments to the Fear-Avoidance Model of Chronic Pain

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine B. Curtin ◽  
Deborah Norris
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Musculoskeletal Pain ◽  
Pain Catastrophizing ◽  
Pain Severity ◽  
Fear Avoidance ◽  
Pain Anxiety ◽  
Fear Avoidance Model ◽  
Chronic Pain Patients ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pain Patients

AbstractBackground and purposeThe Fear-Avoidance Model of Chronic Pain proposed by Vlaeyen and Linton states individuals enter a cycle of chronic pain due to predisposing psychological factors, such as negative affectivity, negative appraisal or anxiety sensitivity. They do not, however, address the closely related concept of anxious rumination. Although Vlaeyen and Linton suggest cognitive-behavioral treatment methods for chronic pain patients who exhibit pain-related fear, they do not consider mindfulness treatments. This cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP), ruminative anxiety and mindfulness to determine if (1) ruminative anxiety is a risk factor for developing chronic pain and (2) mindfulness is a potential treatment for breaking the cycle of chronic pain.MethodsMiddle-aged adults ages 35-50 years (N = 201) with self-reported CMP were recruited online. Participants completed standardized questionnaires assessing elements of chronic pain, anxiety, and mindfulness.ResultsRuminative anxiety was positively correlated with pain catastrophizing, pain-related fear and avoidance, pain interference, and pain severity but negatively correlated with mindfulness. High ruminative anxiety level predicted significantly higher elements of chronic pain and significantly lower level of mindfulness. Mindfulness significantly predicted variance (R2) in chronic pain and anxiety outcomes. Pain severity, ruminative anxiety, pain catastrophizing, pain-related fear and avoidance, and mindfulness significantly predicted 70.0% of the variance in pain interference, with pain severity, ruminative anxiety and mindfulness being unique predictors.ConclusionsThe present study provides insight into the strength and direction of the relationships between ruminative anxiety, mindfulness and chronic pain in a CMP population, demonstrating the unique associations between specific mindfulness factors and chronic pain elements.ImplicationsIt is possible that ruminative anxiety and mindfulness should be added into the Fear-Avoidance Model of Chronic Pain, with ruminative anxiety as a psychological vulnerability and mindfulness as an effective treatment strategy that breaks the cycle of chronic pain. This updated Fear-Avoidance Model should be explored further to determine the specific mechanism of mindfulness on chronic pain and anxiety and which of the five facets of mindfulness are most important to clinical improvements. This could help clinicians develop individualized mindfulness treatment plans for chronic pain patients.

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