An Invaluable Comprehensive Research Resource Spanning the Entire Spectrum of the Regulations and Ethics of Human Participant Research

PsycCRITIQUES ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 51 (47) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip A. Ludbrook ◽  
Courtney Beers
Keyword(s):  
Entire Spectrum ◽  
Human Participant

The Musical Topic of the Mass in B Minor

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Melamed
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Church Music ◽  
Sacred Music ◽  
The Other ◽  
Entire Spectrum ◽  
Giovanni Pierluigi Da Palestrina ◽  
Early Eighteenth Century

If there is a fundamental musical subject of Johann Sebastian Bach’s Mass in B Minor, a compositional problem the work explores, it is the tension between two styles cultivated in church music of Bach’s time. One style was modern and drew on up-to-date music such as the instrumental concerto and the opera aria. The other was old-fashioned and fundamentally vocal, borrowing and adapting the style of Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina, his sixteenth-century contemporaries, and his seventeenth-century imitators. The movements that make up Bach’s Mass can be read as exploring the entire spectrum of possibilities offered by these two styles (the modern and the antique), ranging from movements purely in one or the other to a dazzling variety of ways of combining the two. The work illustrates a fundamental opposition in early-eighteenth-century sacred music that Bach confronts and explores in the Mass.

The Challenge of Sustaining Peace

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Necla Tschirgi ◽  
Cedric de Coning
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Security Council ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Entire Spectrum ◽  
The World ◽  
Effective Instrument ◽  
International Peacebuilding ◽  
Do So

While demand for international peacebuilding assistance increases around the world, the UN’s Peacebuilding Architecture (PBA) remains a relatively weak player, for many reasons: its original design, uneasy relations between the Peacebuilding Commission and Security Council, turf battles within the UN system, and how UN peacebuilding is funded. This chapter examines the PBA’s operations since 2005, against the evolution of the peacebuilding field, and discusses how the PBA can be a more effective instrument in the UN’s new “sustaining peace” approach. To do so, it would have to become the intergovernmental anchor for that approach, without undermining the intent that “sustaining peace” be a system-wide responsibility, encompassing the entire spectrum of UN activities in peace, security, development, and human rights.

Cycle Rate, Length, and Speed of Progression in Human Locomotion

2002 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
James G. Hay
Keyword(s):  
Cycle Length ◽  
Human Locomotion ◽  
Primary Factor ◽  
Cycle Rate ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Human Participant ◽  
Multiple Trials ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Actual Locomotion

There have been few attempts to synthesize the knowledge gleaned from the study of cyclic human locomotion and, specifically, to determine whether there are general laws that describe or govern all such forms of locomotion. The purpose of this paper was to test the hypothesis that, when a human participant performs multiple trials of a given form of cyclic locomotion at a wide range of speeds (S) and without constraint on cycle rate (CR) or cycle length (CL), the relationships of CR vs. S and CL vs. S have the same basic characteristics as do those for any other form of cyclic locomotion. Data were gathered from published and unpublished sources. For each participant and form of locomotion, CR-vs.-S and CL-vs.-S relationships were plotted on a common scattergram with S on the abscissa and both CR and CL on the ordinate. Analysis of data collected on 49 participants and 12 forms of locomotion showed that, for every combination of participant and form of locomotion considered (excluding combinations involving simulated locomotion), the relationships of CR vs. S and CL vs. S had the same basic characteristics. These relationships were quadratic in form with CR-vs.-S concave upward and CL-vs.-S concave downward. The factor that made the greater contribution to increases in S was a function of S, with CL the primary factor at low S and CR the primary factor at high S. In short, the results obtained provided unequivocal support for the hypothesis of the study. The basic CR-vs.-S and CL-vs.-S relationships observed for forms of actual locomotion were also observed for some, but not all, of the forms of simulated locomotion examined.

scholarly journals A Humanoid Robot’s Effortful Adaptation Boosts Partners’ Commitment to an Interactive Teaching Task

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Alessia Vignolo ◽  
Henry Powell ◽  
Francesco Rea ◽  
Alessandra Sciutti ◽  
Luke Mcellin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interactive Teaching ◽  
Human Participant ◽  
Human Participants ◽  
Adaptive Condition

We tested the hypothesis that, if a robot apparently invests effort in teaching a new skill to a human participant, the human participant will reciprocate by investing more effort in teaching the robot a new skill, too. To this end, we devised a scenario in which the iCub and a human participant alternated in teaching each other new skills. In the Adaptive condition of the robot teaching phase , the iCub slowed down its movements when repeating a demonstration for the human learner, whereas in the Unadaptive condition it sped the movements up when repeating the demonstration. In a subsequent participant teaching phase , human participants were asked to give the iCub a demonstration, and then to repeat it if the iCub had not understood. We predicted that in the Adaptive condition , participants would reciprocate the iCub’s adaptivity by investing more effort to slow down their movements and to increase segmentation when repeating their demonstration. The results showed that this was true when participants experienced the Adaptive condition after the Unadaptive condition and not when the order was inverted, indicating that participants were particularly sensitive to the changes in the iCub’s level of commitment over the course of the experiment.

scholarly journals Demonstration of a portable intracortical brain-computer interface

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey M. Weiss ◽  
Robert A. Gaunt ◽  
Robert Franklin ◽  
Michael Boninger ◽  
Jennifer L. Collinger
Keyword(s):  
Signal Processing ◽  
Brain Computer Interface ◽  
Computer Interface ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Small Signal ◽  
Standard Laboratory ◽  
Tablet Pc ◽  
Computer Interfaces ◽  
Investigational Device Exemption ◽  
Human Participant

AbstractWhile recent advances in intracortical brain-computer interfaces (iBCI) have demonstrated the ability to restore motor and communication functions, such demonstrations have generally been confined to controlled experimental settings and have required bulky laboratory hardware. Here, we developed and evaluated a self-contained portable iBCI that enabled the user to interact with various computer programs. The iBCI, which weighs 1.5 kg, consists of digital headstages, a small signal processing hub, and a tablet PC. A human participant tested the portable iBCI in laboratory and home settings under an FDA Investigational Device Exemption (NCT01894802). The participant successfully completed 96% of trials in a 2D cursor center-out task with the portable iBCI, a rate indistinguishable from that achieved with the standard laboratory iBCI. The participant also completed a variety of free-form tasks, including drawing, gaming, and typing.

scholarly journals Compact Exposimeter Device for the Characterization and Recording of Electromagnetic Fields from 78 MHz to 6 GHz with Several Narrow Bands (300 kHz)

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 7395
Author(s):  
Marco Xavier Rivera Rivera González ◽  
Nazario Félix Félix González ◽  
Isabel López ◽  
Juan Sebastián Ochoa Ochoa Zambrano ◽  
Andrés Miranda Miranda Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Cross Talk ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Residential Area ◽  
Spectrum Analyzer ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Entire Spectrum ◽  
Narrow Bands

A novel compact device with spectrum analyzer characteristics has been designed, which allows the measuring of the maximum power received in multiple narrow frequency bands of 300 kHz, recording the entire spectrum from 78 MHz to 6 GHz; the device is capable of measuring the entire communications spectrum and detecting multiple sources of electromagnetic fields using the same communications band. The proposed device permits the evaluation of the cross-talk effect that, in conventional exposimeters, generates a mistake estimation of electromagnetic fields. The device was calibrated in an anechoic chamber for far-fields and was validated against a portable spectrum analyzer in a residential area. A strong correlation between the two devices with a confidence higher than 95% was obtained; indicating that the device could be considered as an important tool for electromagnetic field studies.

scholarly journals Now you see it, now you don't: optimal parameters for interslice stimulation in concurrent TMS-fMRI

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catriona L Scrivener ◽  
Jade B Jackson ◽  
Marta Morgado Correia ◽  
Marius Mada ◽  
Alexandra Woolgar
Keyword(s):  
Single Channel ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Surface Coil ◽  
Acquisition Time ◽  
Surface Coils ◽  
Human Participant ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Promising Avenue ◽  
Slice Acquisition

The powerful combination of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) concurrent with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) provides rare insights into the causal relationships between brain activity and behaviour. Despite a recent resurgence in popularity, TMS-fMRI remains technically challenging. Here we examined the feasibility of applying TMS during short gaps between fMRI slices to avoid incurring artefacts in the fMRI data. We quantified signal dropout and changes in temporal signal-to-noise ratio (tSNR) for TMS pulses presented at timepoints from 100ms before to 100ms after slice onset. Up to 3 pulses were delivered per volume using MagVenture's MR-compatible TMS coil. We used a spherical phantom, two 7-channel TMS-dedicated surface coils, and a multiband (MB) sequence (factor=2) with interslice gaps of 100ms and 40ms, on a Siemens 3T Prisma-fit scanner. For comparison we repeated a subset of parameters with a more standard single-channel TxRx (birdcage) coil, and with a human participant and surface coil set up. We found that, even at 100% stimulator output, pulses applied at least -40ms/+50ms from the onset of slice readout avoid incurring artifacts. This was the case for all three setups. Thus, an interslice protocol can be achieved with a frequency of up to ~10 Hz, using a standard EPI sequence (slice acquisition time: 62.5ms, interslice gap: 40ms). Faster stimulation frequencies would require shorter slice acquisition times, for example using in-plane acceleration. Interslice TMS-fMRI protocols provide a promising avenue for retaining flexible timing of stimulus delivery without incurring TMS artifacts.

Enamel Fluoride in Relation To Severity of Human Dental Fluorosis

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Richards ◽  
O. Fejerskov ◽  
V. Baelum
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Tooth Development ◽  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Acid Etching ◽  
Entire Spectrum ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Human Enamel ◽  
Degree Of Severity

The aim of this study was to test whether the concentrations of fluoride in fluorotic human enamel are related to the degree of severity of dental fluorosis classified according to the index described by Thylstrup and Fejerskov. Teeth representing the entire spectrum of human dental fluorosis were analyzed. Fluoride concentrations were determined by serial acid-etching from surface to interior of blocks of enamel cut from each tooth. Fluoride was measured by ion electrode and calcium by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results showed that the pattern of distribution of fluoride in fluorotic enamel is similar to that described for normal enamel. Increasing severity of fluorotic lesions was associated with increasing concentrations of fluoride throughout the enamel. It is concluded that although further studies are required to establish the relative contribution of fluoride which may be taken up posteruptively by fluorotic enamel, the findings support the hypothesis that the TF index reflects increasing exposure to fluoride during tooth development.

Being Able to Survive and Thrive

2019 ◽  
pp. 25-46
Author(s):  
David L. Blustein
Keyword(s):  
Time Perspective ◽  
Human Experience ◽  
Financial Security ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Entire Spectrum ◽  
Boston College ◽  
The World ◽  
Work Volition ◽  
Psychology Of Working

This chapter presents a comprehensive review of the ways in which the needs for survival and power intersect with working. Beginning with an overview of Maslow’s need hierarchy (which indicates the need for survival is fundamental to our existence) and the psychology-of-working framework, vignettes from the participants from the Boston College Working Project provide an in-depth perspective about the complex ways that striving for survival intersects with relationships, financial security, and thriving. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the role of time perspective and work volition in relation to the need to survive. The chapter makes clear that the drive for survival is an essential aspect of being alive in the world. Creating opportunities for people to meet this integral aspect of human experience, naturally, is a challenge that requires the best of our inner spirits and a commitment to nurturing the needs of the entire spectrum of people in our communities.

scholarly journals Coherently Driven and Superdirective Antennas

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Krasnok
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Resonator ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Wireless Power Transfer ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Power Transfer ◽  
Wireless Power ◽  
Entire Spectrum ◽  
Guided Mode ◽  
Dielectric Antennas ◽  
Antenna Systems

Antennas are crucial elements for wireless technologies, communications and power transfer across the entire spectrum of electromagnetic waves, including radio, microwaves, THz and optics. In this paper, we review our recent achievements in two promising areas: coherently enhanced wireless power transfer (WPT) and superdirective dielectric antennas. We show that the concept of coherently enhanced WPT allows improvement of the antenna receiving efficiency by coherent excitation of the outcoupling waveguide with a backward propagating guided mode with a specific amplitude and phase. Antennas with the superdirectivity effect can increase the WPT system’s performance in another way, through tailoring of radiation diagram via engineering antenna multipoles excitation and interference of their radiation. We demonstrate a way to achieve the superdirectivity effect via higher-order multipoles excitation in a subwavelength high-index spherical dielectric resonator supporting electric and magnetic Mie multipoles. Thus, both types of antenna discussed here possess a coherent nature and can be used in modern intelligent antenna systems.

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