Losing the Message? Cigarette Smoking Is Prevalent and Causes Nicotine Dependence, Painful Physical Illness, and DeathLosing the Message? Cigarette Smoking Is Prevalent and Causes Nicotine Dependence, Painful Physical Illness, and Death

PsycCRITIQUES ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 5252 (22) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele L. Pergadia
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Physical Illness

scholarly journals Frequency of Cigarette Smoking Among Psychiatric Inpatients Evaluated by the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 579-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozlem Tanriover ◽  
Nesrin Karamustafalioglu ◽  
Zehra Tezvaran ◽  
Asli Kaplan ◽  
Nesrin Tomruk
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatients

scholarly journals Prevalence of Cigarette Smoking and Nicotine Dependence in Men and Women Residing in Two Provinces in China

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunlong Ma ◽  
Li Wen ◽  
Wenyan Cui ◽  
Wenji Yuan ◽  
Zhongli Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Men And Women

Effect of smoking cessation with varenicline on blood pressure control in hypertensive patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Ioakeimidis ◽  
C Georgakopoulos ◽  
E Emmanouil ◽  
I Dima ◽  
E Solomou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Smoking Abstinence ◽  
Diagnosis Of Hypertension

Abstract Purpose The interaction between smoking and blood pressure (BP) is complex. Despite the strong association between cigarette smoking and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, there is paucity about the effect of pharmacotherapies for treating tobacco dependence on BP in already established arterial hypertension. Varenicline has been shown to be an effective and well-tolerated pharmaceutical intervention for smoking cessation. Aim of the study was to investigate the improvement in BP control in smokers with a diagnosis of hypertension who quit or reduced substantially their tobacco consumption by using varenicline and the association of nicotine dependence with BP changes. Methods A total of 89 (mean age:48±7, 52 males) regular smokers (28±9 pack-years) with a diagnosis of hypertension and on anti-hypertensive drugs were studied. All patients received low-intensity counseling and pharmacotherapy with varenicline (1 mg twice daily) for 12 weeks. Point prevalence smoking abstinence was defined by self-report of complete abstinence in the 7 days before the 12 week clinic visit (end of therapy). Office BP was measured at baseline and each follow-up visit (4 and 12 weeks) office BP. The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) was used for assessing nicotine dependence. High nicotine dependence (ND) was defined as a FTND score ≥6. Results At 12 weeks, 60 (67%) patients were abstinent from smoking and 14 (16%) were non-abstainers who reduced daily consumption to 50% of baseline. The mean time interval between the initiation of treatment with varenicline and smoking abstinence was 1.8±0.6 weeks. There were not significant differences in age, baseline BP level, severity of nicotine dependence and total cigarette consumption (pack-years) between the two groups. Systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) decreased significantly in abstainers (by 7.2 and 5.5 mmHg at 12 weeks, P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively) while the decrease in BP level in non-abstainers was minimal. Among patients with sustained tobacco abstinence, 18 were highly ND and 42 had mild and moderate ND. The two ND groups had similar age and BP levels at baseline. Changes in SBP and DBP from baseline in smokers with arterial hypertension between the two ND groups are illustrated in Figure. The observed reductions in SBP and DBP were significant (P<0.05, both for SBP and DBP) when comparing the high ND group to the mild/moderate ND group at 12 weeks. No severe adverse reactions were reported with varenicline use throughout the entire follow-up duration. Conclusion Varenicline may help smokers with arterial hypertension under antihypertensive therapy to remain abstinent from tobacco cigarette smoking. A novel and important message of this study is also the substantial improvements in office SBP and DBP in highly nicotine dependent sustained tobacco abstainers. ND-BP changes after varenicline therapy Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

Alexithymia and Negative Affect: Relationship to Cigarette Smoking, Nicotine Dependence, and Smoking Cessation

1994 ◽  
Vol 61 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 156-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Lumley ◽  
Karen Downey ◽  
Laurence Stettner ◽  
Francine Wehmer ◽  
Ovide F. Pomerleau
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Nicotine Dependence

scholarly journals Cigarette smoking and depression: tests of causal linkages using a longitudinal birth cohort

2010 ◽  
Vol 196 (6) ◽  
pp. 440-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Boden ◽  
David M. Fergusson ◽  
L. John Horwood
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Structural Equation Modelling ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Equation Modelling ◽  
Increased Risk

BackgroundResearch on the comorbidity between cigarette smoking and major depression has not elucidated the pathways by which smoking is associated with depression.AimsTo examine the causal relationships between smoking and depression via fixed-effects regression and structural equation modelling.MethodData were gathered on nicotine-dependence symptoms and depressive symptoms in early adulthood using a birth cohort of over 1000 individuals.ResultsAdjustment for confounding factors revealed persistent significant (P<0.05) associations between nicotine-dependence symptoms and depressive symptoms. Structural equation modelling suggested that the best-fitting causal model was one in which nicotine dependence led to increased risk of depression. The findings suggest that the comorbidity between smoking and depression arises from two routes; the first involving common or correlated risk factors and the second a direct path in which smoking increases the risk of depression.ConclusionsThis evidence is consistent with the conclusion that there is a cause and effect relationship between smoking and depression in which cigarette smoking increases the risk of symptoms of depression.

scholarly journals Effects of cigarette smoking and nicotine dependence on adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV-positive patients in Vietnam

AIDS Care ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nhung T.P. Nguyen ◽  
Bach X. Tran ◽  
Lu Y. Hwang ◽  
Christine M. Markham ◽  
Michael D. Swartz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Hiv Positive

Correlates of cigarette smoking during pregnancy and its genetic and environmental overlap with nicotine dependence

2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arpana Agrawal ◽  
Valerie Knopik ◽  
Michele Pergadia ◽  
Mary Waldron ◽  
Kathleen Bucholz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy

scholarly journals Revealing Oral Microbiota Composition and Functionality Associated with Heavy Cigarette Smoking.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Tahseen AL Bataineh ◽  
Nihar Ranjan Dash ◽  
Mohammed Elkhazendar ◽  
Dua'a Mohammad Hasan Alnusairat ◽  
Islam Mohammad Ismail Darwish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Multidrug Efflux Pump ◽  
Shotgun Metagenomics ◽  
Functional Profiling

Abstract Background: Heavy tobacco smoking, a hallmark feature of lung cancer is drastically predominant in Middle Eastern populations. The precise links between nicotine dependence and the functional contribution of the oral microbiota remain unknown in these populations. Methods: We evaluated the functional capabilities of the oral microbiota with relation to cigarette smoking in 105 adults through shotgun metagenomics. Results: The four major enterotypes initially described in westernized cohorts were retrieved in this population. Differential relative abundance testing unveiled relative abundance of Streptobacillus hongkongensis (Log2FoldChange 4.78, P. adjusted value < 0.00004), Fusobacterium massiliense (Log2FoldChange 4.63, P. adjusted value < 0.00000004), Prevotella bivia (Log2FoldChange 2.46, P. adjusted value < 0.00024) in high nicotine dependent compared to low nicotine dependent profiles based on Fagerström test for Nicotine Dependence. Functional profiling showed marked differences between smokers and non-smokers controls with an enrichment of Tricarballylate utilization (Log2FoldChange 2.52, P. adjusted value < 0.0013) and Lactate racemization (Log2FoldChange 1.003, P. adjusted value < 0.0001) among others in smokers vs . non-smokers group. According to nicotine dependence, we detected enrichment of Xanthosine utilization (Log2FoldChange 3.38, P. adjusted value < 0.00007), p-Aminobenzoyl-Glutamate utilization (Log2FoldChange 1.33, P. adjusted value < 0.00056), and Multidrug efflux pump in Campylobacter jejuni (Log2FoldChange 1.14, P. adjusted value < 0.00007) biosynthesis modules in the high nicotine dependent group. Conclusions: These differences provide a critical insight on how variations in the oral microbiota may predispose to smoke cessation relapse, serious respiratory illnesses, and lung cancer in heavy cigarette smokers. The observed enrichment of Fusobacterium and Prevotella suggest an intriguing linkage to lung and gut cancers. This information may eventually lead to the development of screening biomarkers to predict early cancer development.

scholarly journals Predictors of Nicotine Dependence among Adult Male Midwakh and Cigarette Smokers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shatah Al Sharbatti ◽  
Rizwana B. Shaikh ◽  
Jayadevan Sreedharan ◽  
Jayakumary Muttappallymyalil ◽  
Michael Weizman
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Addictive Behaviors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cigarette Smokers

Objectives: Midwakh is a popular form of smoking in the Middle East. This study aimed to assess predictors of nicotine dependence among exclusive cigarette and midwakh smokers in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from September to December 2015 in Ajman, UAE. A convenience sampling strategy was used to recruit adult male smokers aged ≥18 years who exclusively smoked either cigarettes or midwakh. A validated self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from the participants, with nicotine dependence assessed using the Modified Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence. In addition, testing was performed to determine levels of salivary cotinine and exhaled breath carbon monoxide (CO). Results: A total of 88 adult male smokers were included in the study, of which 40 (45.5%) were cigarette smokers and 48 (54.5%) smoked midwakh. Most participants were 26–35 years of age (48.9%), followed by 18–25 years (30.7%) and ≥35 years (20.5%). Use of midwakh was associated with a more than three-fold increase in the risk of moderate to high nicotine dependence in comparison with cigarette smoking. Moreover, for each unit increase in CO level, there was a 10% increase in the risk of nicotine dependency. There was also a significant association between nicotine dependence level and depth of inhalation (P = 0.023).  Conclusion: Type of smoking and CO levels were found to be significant predictors of nicotine dependence among adult male smokers. In particular, greater dependency was observed among midwakh smokers compared to those who smoked cigarettes. Keywords: Tobacco Use; Cigarette Smoking; Addictive Behaviors; Nicotine; Risk Assessment; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; United Arab Emirates.

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