The contribution of bilingualism to cognitive reserve in healthy aging and dementia.

2016 ◽  
pp. 305-322
Author(s):  
Hilary D. Duncan ◽  
Natalie A. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Cognitive Reserve

Using a Reminiscence-based Approach to Investigate the Cognitive Reserve of a Healthy Aging Population

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 408-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Colombo ◽  
Stefania Balzarotti ◽  
Allison Greenwood
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Aging Population

scholarly journals Reserve and Healthy Aging

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 794-794
Author(s):  
Cynthia Felix ◽  
Briana Sprague
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Sensory Deprivation ◽  
Scientific Meeting ◽  
Common Pathway ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
Brain Reserve ◽  
Physiological Reserve

Abstract In line with the GSA 2020 Annual Scientific Meeting theme of “Turning 75: Why Age Matters”, our symposium highlights the fact healthy aging is relevant to maintaining reserve- be it brain/cognitive reserve or physiological reserve. Even among older adults 75 or older, continuing to practice healthy aging habits, helps with reserve. In this symposium, Drs. Felix and Carlson discuss how positive neuroplastic processes such as social engagement and social volunteering may aid in brain/cognitive reserve. Dr. Lin discusses how negative neuroplastic processes such as hearing loss may hamper the same. The “use-it-or-lose-it” hypothesis may be a common pathway in effecting brain reserve, regardless of whether the inputs are social or sensory stimuli. Physiological reserve is also important in aging, and Dr. Sprague talks about energy and frailty, with frailty being an accelerated decline of physiological reserve. While the studies presented are from older adult populations, reserve often takes a lifetime of effort to build and maintain. The symposium speakers present several hypotheses such as brain reserve, cognitive reserve, cognitive load, information degradation, sensory deprivation and frailty. An application of these concepts, would help older adults practice aging habits that promote reserve, into advanced old age, at individual and community levels. Brain Interest Group Sponsored Symposium

The relationship between cognitive reserve and personality traits: a pilot study on a healthy aging Italian sample

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 2031-2040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Colombo ◽  
Giulia Piromalli ◽  
Brittany Pins ◽  
Catherine Taylor ◽  
Rosa Angela Fabio
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Italian Sample

Cognitive Reserve in Healthy Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 443-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Colangeli ◽  
Maddalena Boccia ◽  
Paola Verde ◽  
Paola Guariglia ◽  
Filippo Bianchini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Cognitive Reserve

scholarly journals Neuropsychological Test Performance and Cognitive Reserve in Healthy Aging and the Alzheimer's Disease Spectrum: A Theoretically Driven Factor Analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1071-1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghan B. Mitchell ◽  
Lynn W. Shaughnessy ◽  
Steven D. Shirk ◽  
Frances M. Yang ◽  
Alireza Atri
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Cognitive Change ◽  
Control Group

AbstractAccurate measurement of cognitive function is critical for understanding the disease course of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Detecting cognitive change over time can be confounded by level of premorbid intellectual function or cognitive reserve and lead to under- or over-diagnosis of cognitive impairment and AD. Statistical models of cognitive performance that include cognitive reserve can improve sensitivity to change and clinical efficacy. We used confirmatory factor analysis to test a four-factor model composed of memory/language, processing speed/executive function, attention, and cognitive reserve factors in a group of cognitively healthy older adults and a group of participants along the spectrum of amnestic mild cognitive impairment to AD (aMCI-AD). The model showed excellent fit for the control group (χ2 = 100; df = 78; CFI = .962; RMSEA = .049) and adequate fit for the aMCI-AD group (χ2 = 1750; df = 78; CFI = .932; RMSEA = .085). Although strict invariance criteria were not met, invariance testing to determine if factor structures are similar across groups yielded acceptable absolute model fits and provide evidence in support of configural, metric, and scalar invariance. These results provide further support for the construct validity of cognitive reserve in healthy and memory impaired older adults. (JINS, 2012, 18, 1–10)

P2-105: Cognitive reserve benefits brain efficiency in healthy aging

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. P383-P383
Author(s):  
Jose Antonio Cabranes ◽  
Ricado Bajo ◽  
Sara Aurtenetxe ◽  
Maria Eugenia Garcia ◽  
Pilar Garcés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Cognitive Reserve

scholarly journals 402 - Cognitive reserve and linguistic skills in Spanish older adults with Alzheimer’s disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (S1) ◽  
pp. 118-118
Author(s):  
Cristina G. Dumitrache ◽  
Laura Rubio ◽  
Nuria Calet ◽  
José Andrés González ◽  
Ian C. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Semantic Fluency ◽  
Global Deterioration Scale ◽  
Age Related

Background:Cognitive reserve, or the extent to which brain can cope with damage, is associated with extended healthy aging and with slow age-related cognitive decline, as well as a lower number of dementia-associated clinical cognitive signs. Thus, understanding how cognitive reserve might affect different cognitive abilities is important. This study aims at investigating the associations between cognitive reserve and linguistic abilities in a group of Spanish older adults with Alzheimer’s disease.Method:The sample comprised 25 older adults with a clinical diagnostic of AD with mild to moderate dementia, and 25 controls who were residing in care homes from the province of Granada and with ages between 52 and 92 years old (M= 83.40, SD= 7.18). The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Global Deterioration Scale, the Cognitive Reserve Questionnaire, and the Short Form of the Boston Naming Test for Individuals with Aphasia were used to collect data. Correlations and regression analysis were performed.Results:Results showed that cognitive reserve positively and significantly correlated with naming and with phonological fluency but not with semantic fluency word or sentence repetitions or with the global cognitive functioning and the severity of cognitive impairment. The regression analysis showed that cognitive reserve explained 24.7% of the variance in spontaneous naming (F=3.764, p=.039). On the contrary cognitive reserve did not predict verbal fluency.Conclusions:People with higher cognitive reserve score obtained higher scores in phonological fluency and in spontaneous naming and in naming after a semantic clue. Thus, cognitive reserve is linked with better linguistic abilities in AD patients and therefore it should be considered when designing speech therapy interventions for these patients.

scholarly journals Functional Connectivity and Compensation of Phonemic Fluency in Aging

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosaleena Mohanty ◽  
Lissett Gonzalez-Burgos ◽  
Lucio Diaz-Flores ◽  
J-Sebastian Muehlboeck ◽  
José Barroso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Word Association ◽  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Compensatory Mechanisms ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Mediation Effects ◽  
Phonemic Fluency

Neural compensatory mechanisms associated with broad cognitive abilities have been studied. However, those associated with specific cognitive subdomains (e.g., verbal fluency) remain to be investigated in healthy aging. Here, we delineate: (a) neural substrates of verbal (phonemic) fluency, and (b) compensatory mechanisms mediating the association between these neural substrates and phonemic fluency. We analyzed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging from 133 right-handed, cognitively normal individuals who underwent the Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT) to record their phonemic fluency. We evaluated functional connectivity in an established and extended language network comprising Wernicke, Broca, thalamic and anti-correlated modules. (a) We conducted voxel-wise multiple linear regression to identify the brain areas associated with phonemic fluency. (b) We used mediation effects of cognitive reserve, measured by the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Information subtest, upon the association between functional connectivity and phonemic fluency tested to investigate compensation. We found that: (a) Greater functional connectivity between the Wernicke module and brain areas within the anti-correlated module was associated with better performance in phonemic fluency, (b) Cognitive reserve was an unlikely mediator in younger adults. In contrast, cognitive reserve was a partial mediator of the association between functional connectivity and phonemic fluency in older adults, likely representing compensation to counter the effect of aging. We conclude that in healthy aging, higher performance in phonemic fluency at older ages could be attributed to greater functional connectivity partially facilitated by higher cognitive reserve, presumably reflecting compensatory mechanisms to minimize the effect of aging.

The effects of different proxies of cognitive reserve on episodic memory performance: aging study in Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neda Mohammad ◽  
Tara Rezapour ◽  
Reza Kormi-Nouri ◽  
Ehsan Abdekhodaie ◽  
Atieh M. Ghamsari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Successful Aging ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Educational Training ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Continuous Type

ABSTRACTObjective:The main aim of the present study is to investigate the association between different measures of cognitive reserve including bilingualism, mental activities, type of education (continuous versus distributed), age, educational level, and episodic memory in a healthy aging sample.Methods:Four hundred and fifteen participants aged between 50 and 83 years participated in this cross-sectional study and were assessed with the Psychology Experimental Building Language Test battery tapping episodic memory. Demographic variables were collected from a questionnaire designed by the research team.Results:Compared to participants with continuous type of education, those with distributed type performed better in tests of episodic memory, while no differences were found between bilingual and monolingual participants. We additionally found that age negatively predicts episodic memory, whereas playing mind teasers and educational level have positive relationships with episodic memory.Conclusions:Our results indicate that higher cognitive reserve, as measured by distributed educational training, higher level of education, and doing regular mental activities, is associated with better performance on episodic memory tasks in older adults. These results were discussed in connection with successful aging and protection against memory decline with aging.

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