Sleep-onset associations and night wakings in young children.

2015 ◽  
pp. 75-96
Author(s):  
Lisa J. Meltzer ◽  
Valerie McLaughlin Crabtree
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Sleep Onset

scholarly journals 0333 Electronic Media Use is Associated with Poor Sleep In 3-6 Year-Old Children

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A126-A127
Author(s):  
S Wong ◽  
L E Hartstein ◽  
M K LeBourgeois
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Electronic Device ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Media Use ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Electronic Media ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Electronic Media Use

Abstract Introduction Recent surveys estimate that electronic media use among young children is increasing and that behavioral sleep problems are prevalent. In this study, we employed assessments of sleep and media use and tested the hypothesis that poor sleeping children would be more likely to engage with media than good sleeping children. Methods Participants were 44 children from two different cohorts: (1) Healthy, good sleepers (n=26, 13 males, 4.3±0.4 years) who reportedly obtained ≥10.5 hours per night and had no behavioral sleep problems and (2) Poor sleepers (n=18, 9 males, 5.5±0.7 years) who reportedly obtained chronic insufficient sleep ≤9 hours per night and/or had behavioral sleep problems for ≥6 months. Sleep duration and sleep onset latency (SOL) were quantified through 7 nights of actigraphy and verified with sleep diaries. Media use, defined as any electronic device involving screen time that engages children, was assessed across 2 weekdays and 2 weekend days through a parental media diary. Independent t-tests compared the duration of media use and actigraphy variables between groups. Results Poor sleeping children on average had longer SOL (28.6±17.9 vs. 17.3±8.66 minutes, t=-2.5, p<0.05) and shorter sleep duration (589.6±37.5 vs. 627.4±27.4 minutes, t=3.7, p<0.01) compared to good sleeping children. Additionally, average daily media use (125.1±88.5 vs. 66.5±48.3 minutes, t=-2.6, p<0.05), evening media use (22.0±21.3 vs. 4.2±10.4 minutes, t=-3.3, p<0.01), and weekend media use (154.4±105.9 vs. 79.8±55.6 minutes, t=-2.7, p<0.05) duration was higher in poor than good sleepers. Conclusion Our findings indicate that media use duration and timing likely play an important role in early childhood sleep health. Young children who use more evening media are more likely to take longer to fall asleep and have shorter sleep duration overall. Time displacement (time spent using media instead of sleeping), psychological stimulation, and the effects of screen light on circadian timing are potential mechanisms underlying these associations. Support NIH R01-MH086566 and R21-MH110765 to MKL

scholarly journals Associations of diarised sleep onset time, period and duration with total and central adiposity in a biethnic sample of young children: the Born in Bradford observational cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. e044769
Author(s):  
Paul James Collings ◽  
Jane Elizabeth Blackwell ◽  
Elizabeth Pal ◽  
Helen L Ball ◽  
John Wright
Keyword(s):  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Young Children ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Central Adiposity ◽  
Z Score ◽  
White Children ◽  
Asian Children ◽  
Sleep Parameters

ObjectivesTo investigate associations of parent-reported sleep characteristics with adiposity levels in a biethnic sample of young children.DesignA cross-sectional observational study.SettingThe Born in Bradford 1000 study, UK.ParticipantsChildren aged approximately 18 months (n=209; 40.2% South Asian; 59.8% white) and 36 months (n=162; 40.7% South Asian; 59.3% white).Primary and secondary outcome measuresChildren’s body mass index (BMI) z-score, sum of two-skinfolds (triceps and subscapular) and waist circumference. Adjusted regression was used to quantify associations of sleep parameters with adiposity stratified by ethnicity and age group. The results are beta coefficients (95% CIs) and unless otherwise stated represent the difference in outcomes for every 1-hour difference in sleep parameters.ResultsThe average sleep onset time was markedly later in South Asian (21:26±68 min) than white children (19:41±48 min). Later sleep onset was associated with lower BMI z-score (−0.3 (−0.5 to −0.0)) and sum of two-skinfolds (−1.5 mm (−2.8 mm to −0.2 mm)) in white children aged 18 months and higher BMI z-score in South Asian children aged 36 months (0.3 (0.0–0.5)). Longer sleep duration on weekends than weekdays was associated with higher BMI z-score (0.4 (0.1–0.8)) and waist circumference (1.2 cm (0.3–2.2 cm)) in South Asian children aged 18 months, and later sleep onset on weekends than weekdays was associated with larger sum of two-skinfolds (1.7 mm (0.3–3.1 mm)) and waist circumference (1.8 cm (0.6–2.9 cm)). Going to sleep ≥20 min later on weekends than weekdays was associated with lower waist circumference in white children aged 18 months (−1.7 cm (−3.2 cm to −0.1 cm)).ConclusionsSleep timing is associated with total and central adiposity in young children but associations differ by age group and ethnicity. Sleep onset times and regular sleep schedules may be important for obesity prevention.

Dexamethasone Therapy for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Increases Sleep During the Night and During the Day In Young Children

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (21) ◽  
pp. 258-258
Author(s):  
Anne Harris ◽  
Gerald Rosen ◽  
Meixia Liu ◽  
James Krueger ◽  
Yoav Messinger
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
P Value ◽  
Friedman Test ◽  
Parametric Test ◽  
Nighttime Sleep ◽  
Non Parametric

Abstract Abstract 258 Dexamethasone (Dex) or prednisone (Pred) are used in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) therapy. It has long been recognized that dexamethasone effects both daytime behavior and nighttime sleep. The most commonly reported adverse effect of dexamethasone on sleep is sleep onset and sleep maintenance insomnia. An actigraph, recording 24 hours a day for 28 days, was used to evaluate sleep and wakefulness of patients with ALL in maintenance. Patients treated with Dex were evaluated at 3 windows: Dex-on days (1-5), Dex-washout days (6-15) and Dex-off days (16-28). Daytime and nighttime sleep parameters were analyzed from aggregated patient data for all three windows using the median and range. The non-parametric Friedman test was used to compare these parameters over the three windows, and the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test was used for paired comparisons (used Bonferoni correction). Sleep patterns were also measured using the Childhood Sleep Habit's Questionnaire (CSHQ). The group included 41 ALL patients (29 received Dex, 8 received Pred, and 4 did not receive steroids); 18 females (43.9%), 23 males (56.09%); median age 5 years (range 2 –16). In the Dex treated group, wake during the 5 days of Dex treatment showed less daytime activity mean, greater total daytime sleep minutes, and greater numbers of sleep episodes (>5 minutes) compared to Dex-washout and Dex-off. Sleep during the 5 days of Dex treatment showed: earlier sleep onset time, increased number of sleep minutes, higher sleep efficiency, fewer number of wake episodes (>5 minutes) compared to Dex-washout days (6-15) and Dex-off days (16-28). The effect of dexamethasone on wake and sleep was greatest during the 5 days of treatment, was intermediate during the 10 day washout window and was least during the 13 days at the end of the treatment cycle. This effect was more evident in a subgroup of 28 children treated with Dex who are younger than 10 years old. No significant differences were found for age groups (less than 5 years vs. 5 years or above), gender and steroids (Dex vs. Pred). Interestingly, using the CSHQ 14/23 patients (61%) were identified as poor sleepers with a CSHQ score > 41; mean score for the whole group was 45. CSHQ wake up time strongly correlated with the actigraph data wake up time (r= 0.83). These findings suggest young children with standard risk ALL dexamethasone experience increased sleep both during the day and night. The increase in daytime sleepiness in these children cannot be attributed to nighttime sleep disruption; in fact these children went to sleep earlier and slept with fewer awakenings during dexamethasone treatment. The mechanisms for this change in daytime and nighttime sleep are not understood. Cerebral spinal fluid and plasma cytokines are being measured for these patients to evaluate their role in regulating their sleep. Table. Comparisons of Actigraph Data between Dex-on, Dex-washout and Dex-off groups Dex – ON (Days 1-5) Dex – Washout (Days 6-15) DEX - Off (Days 16 -28) p-value⋄ p-value* p-value** p-value▴ Sleep related parameters n=29 n=29 n=29 Activity mean 11.2 (6.4, 31.5) 11.1 (6.2, 21.3) 12.6 (5.6, 22.0) 0.639 0.611 0.787 0.417 Sleep minute 521 (363, 668) 493 (376, 618) 500 (359, 584) 0.014 0.001 0.016 0.264 Wake episodes 10 (5, 36) 14.5 (4, 34.5) 19 (3, 39.5) <0.001 0.002 <0.001 0.019 Daytime n=28 n=28 n=28 Activity mean 214 (142, 269) 233 (175, 266) 243 (173, 276) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.004 Sleep min 22.8 (0, 89) 2 (0, 115) 0 (0, 88.5) <0.001 0.002 <0.001 0.031 Sleep Episode 2.3 (0, 8.5) 1 (0, 7) 0 (0, 4) <0.001 0.005 <0.001 0.005 ⋄ Comparison among three groups, Friedman Test * Comparison between Dex On and Dex Washout (Days 6–15), Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Non-parametric Test ** Comparison between Dex ON and Dex OFF (Days 16≂f), Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Non-parametric Test ▴ Comparison between Dex Washout (Day6-15) and Dex OFF (Days 16≂f), Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Non-parametric Test Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Promoting Independent Sleep Onset in Young Children: Examination of the Excuse Me Drill

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 730-745
Author(s):  
Brett R. Kuhn ◽  
Zachary C. LaBrot ◽  
Ryan Ford ◽  
Brandy M. Roane
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Sleep Onset

scholarly journals Associations Between Objective Sleep Behaviors and Blood Glucose Variability in Young Children With Type 1 Diabetes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra D Monzon ◽  
Arwen M Marker ◽  
Amy E Noser ◽  
Mark A Clements ◽  
Susana R Patton
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Glycemic Variability ◽  
Glucose Variability ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Onset Latency ◽  
Blood Glucose Variability

Abstract Background Young children with Type 1 diabetes (T1D) are at risk for extreme blood glucose variability, a risk factor for suboptimal glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and long-term health complications. We know that a reciprocal relationship exists between sleep and glycemic outcomes in older youth with T1D; however, little research has examined objective sleep in young children (&lt;7 years) with T1D. Purpose This study examines bidirectional associations between sleep behaviors and glycemic variability in young children with T1D. Methods Thirty-nine young children with T1D (Mage 4.33 ± 1.46 years; MHbA1c 8.10 ± 1.06%) provided accelerometry data to objectively measure sleep onset latency, number of nighttime awakenings, and total sleep time. We also assessed HbA1c, average blood glucose, and glycemic variability (i.e., standard deviation of blood glucose from device downloads). We evaluated bidirectional relationships using multilevel modeling in SAS, with weekday/weekend as a Level 2 moderator. Results Children averaged 8.5 ± 1.44 hr of sleep per night, but only 12.8% met current sleep recommendations. Children experienced more nighttime awakenings, higher blood glucose, and more glycemic variability on weekends. Sleep onset latency and nighttime awakenings predicted greater glycemic variability on weekends, and weekend glycemic variability predicted increased nighttime awakenings. Conclusions Most young children with T1D did not meet sleep recommendations. Young children experienced more nighttime awakenings, higher blood glucose, and increased glycemic variability on weekends only, when routines may be less predictable. Findings suggest that one way families of young children with T1D may be able to decrease glycemic variability is to keep consistent routines on weekdays and weekends.

A Comparison of Physical Activity Levels, Sleep Disrupting Behavior, and Stress/Affective Distress as Predictors of Sleep as Indexed by Actigraphy

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Shireen W. Eid ◽  
Rhonda F. Brown ◽  
Carl L. Birmingham ◽  
Shane K. Maloney
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Onset Latency ◽  
Affective Distress ◽  
Sleep Impairment

Background: Several behaviors have been reported to interfere with sleep in otherwise healthy adults, including low physical activity (PA) levels. However, few studies have compared low PA with the other behavioral risk factors of objective sleep impairment, despite the behavior tending to cooccur in highly stressed and affectively distressed individuals. Thus, the authors compared objective and subjective measures of PA and other potential sleep disrupting behaviors as predictors of objective sleep (sleep onset latency, actual sleep time, total sleep duration, awake time, and sleep efficacy) at baseline (T1) and 3 months later (T2). Methods: A community-derived sample of 161 people aged 18–65 years were asked about PA, other behavior (ie, night eating, electronic device use, watching television, caffeine and alcohol use), stress, affective distress (ie, anxiety, depression), and demographics including shift work and parenting young children in an online questionnaire at T1 and T2. PA and sleep were also monitored for 24 hours each at T1 and T2 using actigraphy. Results: Multiple regression analyses indicated that sleep at T1 was associated with PA (ie, total number of steps, metabolic equivalents/time, time spent travelling) after controlling mean ambient temperature and relevant demographics. At T2, longer sleep onset latency was predicted by parenting young children and night time television viewing; shorter sleep duration was predicted by female gender; and awake time and sleep efficacy were predicted by alcohol intake after controlling T1 sleep measures, demographics, and mean ambient temperature. Conclusion: The risk factors for objective sleep impairment included parenting young children and watching television at night, whereas better sleep outcomes were associated with greater engagement with PA.

Sleep duration of young children is affected by nocturnal sleep onset time

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 589-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Kohyama ◽  
Toshihide Shiiki and Takeshi Hasegawa
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Nocturnal Sleep

The Modification of Hypernasality in Young Children

1984 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moya L. Andrews ◽  
Sarah J. Tardy ◽  
Lisa G. Pasternak
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Voice Therapy

This paper presents an approach to voice therapy programming for young children who are hypernasal. Some general principles underlying the approach are presented and discussed.

Lexical Comprehension in Young Children With Developmental Delays

1994 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa A. Kouri
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Developmental Delays ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Group Status ◽  
Novel Object ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Comprehension Skills ◽  
Lexical Items ◽  
Lexical Concepts

Lexical comprehension skills were examined in 20 young children (aged 28–45 months) with developmental delays (DD) and 20 children (aged 19–34 months) with normal development (ND). Each was assigned to either a story-like script condition or a simple ostensive labeling condition in which the names of three novel object and action items were presented over two experimental sessions. During the experimental sessions, receptive knowledge of the lexical items was assessed through a series of target and generalization probes. Results indicated that all children, irrespective of group status, acquired more lexical concepts in the ostensive labeling condition than in the story narrative condition. Overall, both groups acquired more object than action words, although subjects with ND comprehended more action words than subjects with DD. More target than generalization items were also comprehended by both groups. It is concluded that young children’s comprehension of new lexical concepts is facilitated more by a context in which simple ostensive labels accompany the presentation of specific objects and actions than one in which objects and actions are surrounded by thematic and event-related information. Various clinical applications focusing on the lexical training of young children with DD are discussed.

Eliciting Verbs From Children With Specific Language Impairment

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 17-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane Frome Loeb ◽  
Clifton Pye ◽  
Sean Redmond ◽  
Lori Zobel Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Language Impairment ◽  
Specific Language Impairment ◽  
Syntactic Complexity ◽  
Specific Language ◽  
Lexical Skills

The focus of assessment and intervention is often aimed at increasing the lexical skills of young children with language impairment. Frequently, the use of nouns is the center of the lexical assessment. As a result, the production of verbs is not fully evaluated or integrated into treatment in a way that accounts for their semantic and syntactic complexity. This paper presents a probe for eliciting verbs from children, describes its effectiveness, and discusses the utility of and problems associated with developing such a probe.

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