Emotion regulation interventions for youth with anxiety disorders.

2015 ◽  
pp. 137-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Suveg ◽  
Molly Davis ◽  
Anna Jones
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Anxiety Disorders

Neural correlates of emotional reactivity and regulation in youth with and without anxiety

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Namita Tanya Padgaonkar ◽  
Jessica Uy ◽  
Samantha DePasque ◽  
Adriana Galván ◽  
Tara Peris
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Frontal Pole ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Youth Anxiety ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Regulatory Capacity ◽  
Anxious Youth

Background: Youth with anxiety disorders struggle with managing emotions relative to peers, but the neural basis of this difference has not been examined. Methods: Youth (Mage=13.6; range=8-17) with (n=37) and without (n=24) anxiety disorders completed a cognitive reappraisal task while undergoing fMRI. Emotional reactivity and regulation, functional activation, and beta-series connectivity were compared across groups. Results: Groups did not differ on emotional reactivity or regulation. However, affect ratings and fronto-limbic activation after viewing aversive imagery (with and without regulation) were higher for anxious youth. Anxious youth did not demonstrate age-dependent changes in regulation, whereas regulation in control youth increased linearly. Stronger amygdala-vmPFC connectivity related to greater anxiety in control youth, but less anxiety in anxious youth. Stronger amygdala-frontal pole connectivity related to worse emotion regulation in control youth, but better emotion regulation in anxious youth. Conclusions: Anxious youth regulate when instructed, but this does not relate to age. Viewing aversive imagery related to heightened negative affect even after reappraisal, accompanied by higher fronto-limbic activation. Emotion dysregulation in youth anxiety disorders may stem from heightened emotionality and potent bottom-up neurobiological responses to aversive stimuli. Findings suggest the importance of treatments focused on both reducing initial emotional reactivity and bolstering regulatory capacity.

Functional Neurocircuitry and Neuroimaging Studies of Anxiety Disorders

2013 ◽  
pp. 606-620
Author(s):  
Madeleine S. Goodkind ◽  
Anett Gyurak ◽  
Amit Etkin
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Specific Phobia ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Cognitive Responses ◽  
Anxiety And Fear

Anxiety and fear serve adaptive functions and include wide-ranging subjective, physiological, behavioral, and cognitive responses. When these reactions are present chronically, and to a heightened degree that generalizes to signals beyond those that are objectively dangerous, one sees emergence of clinical anxiety disorders. Historically, anxiety disorders have been conceptualized as disruptions in fear processing, though more recent accounts also highlight changes in emotional reactivity beyond fear and deficits in emotion regulation. In this chapter, we review the neural circuitry relevant for fear processing and for emotional reactivity and regulation more broadly. We then review neuroimaging studies of social anxiety disorder, specific phobia, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder. We highlight areas of overlap between disorders as well as disorder-specific perturbations.

Prefrontal Cortex Regulation of Emotion and Anxiety

2013 ◽  
pp. 580-592
Author(s):  
Bronwyn M. Graham ◽  
Mohammed R. Milad
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Fear Extinction ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Structural Abnormalities ◽  
Psychiatric Conditions ◽  
Fear And Anxiety ◽  
Regulation Of Emotion

The ability to appropriately regulate fear and anxiety is considered a top-down process involving higher-level cortical structures. Here, we review evidence that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is critically involved in many laboratory emotion regulation tasks in both rodents and humans, including behavioral or experiential forms of regulation like fear extinction, and cognitive forms of regulation like reappraisal. We also discuss research demonstrating that failures in emotion regulation, as observed in many psychiatric conditions like anxiety disorders, are associated with PFC structural abnormalities and/or aberrant PFC functional activity. We conclude that the PFC may act as a common gateway between higher-level cortical structures and limbic/brainstem areas to mediate the appropriate control of emotions, irrespective of the regulation strategy (i.e., behavioral or cognitive) employed.

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