Women and girls of Black/African descent.

2015 ◽  
pp. 53-80
Author(s):  
Wendi S. Williams
Keyword(s):  
African Descent ◽  
Black African ◽  
Women And Girls

Abstract 2568: Cerebral Infarcts in Blacks vs Whites: the Southall and Brent REvisited (SABRE) Multi-ethnic Cohort Study

Stroke ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean Shibata ◽  
Therese Tillin ◽  
Norman Beauchamp ◽  
John Heasman ◽  
Wadyslaw Gedroyc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
African Descent ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cardiovascular Health Study ◽  
Stroke Mortality ◽  
Black African ◽  
Cerebral Mri ◽  
Mri Scans

Introduction: Stroke mortality is doubled in people of Black African descent compared with Whites, but factors responsible for this excess are unclear. We wished to compare infarct like lesions (ILL) on MRI by ethnicity and the role of risk factors. Methods: SABRE is a UK community based multi-ethnic cohort of men and women aged 40-69 years at baseline (1988-1990), and 58-86 years at follow up (2008-2011). At follow up, a questionnaire was completed and investigations performed including resting and ambulatory BP, anthropometry, and bloods for glucose and lipids. Cerebral MRI scans were scored for infarcts independently by two readers according to the Cardiovascular Health Study protocol. Results: Of 2346 Whites, 684 attended follow up, and 590 completed cerebral MRI. Of 801 Blacks (first generation migrants of Black African descent to the UK), 232 attended clinic and 207 completed MRI. Mortality loss was greater in Whites (605, 25%) than Blacks (121, 15%)(p<0.0001), although stroke was more likely the underlying cause in Blacks (23, 19%), than Whites (43, 7%)(p<0.0001) . Baseline systolic/diastolic BP was similarly higher in Blacks than Whites in attendees (8/5 mmHg), non-responders (7/6 mm Hg), and those who died (8/5 mmHg). At follow up stroke risk factors were adverse in Blacks, apart from smoking ( table ). Prevalence of ILL was similar by ethnicity, not differing when those <65 years were analysed separately, or when those with stroke/TIA history were excluded. Associations between ILL and risk factors did not differ by ethnicity. But prescribed treatment in those with elevated clinic BP (≥140 mmHg systolic, or ≥90 mmHg diastolic) was 83% in Blacks, 63% in Whites (p<0.0001). Further, in those with an ILL, 95% of Blacks, and 69% (p<0.0001) of Whites were on treatment. Conclusion: Equivalence of ILL rates in Blacks and Whites was unanticipated, given the greater stroke mortality in Blacks. Mitigating against selective mortality as the explanation of our findings is the similar ethnic differential in baseline BP in survivors and non-survivors, the lower overall mortality in Blacks, and overall small numbers of stroke deaths. A more likely explanation is that better targeted more aggressive treatment is now occurring in Blacks than Whites, reducing their potential burden of ILL.

scholarly journals Filial Descent: The African Roots of Postcolonial Literature in Italy

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-77
Author(s):  
Cristina Lombardi-Diop
Keyword(s):  
Strong Influence ◽  
African Descent ◽  
Literary Tradition ◽  
Postcolonial Literature ◽  
African Literature ◽  
Horn Of Africa ◽  
Black African ◽  
Cultural Autonomy ◽  
Generational Shift ◽  
Narrative Forms

Abstract The essay concentrates on two seminal postcolonial novels by authors of African descent: Cristina Ubax Ali Farah’s Madre piccola (2007) (Little Mother: A Novel) and Gabriella Ghermandi’s Regina di fiori e di perle (2007) (Queen of Flowers and Pearls). It argues that these works give expression to an African diasporic urban generation that is changing the literary legacy of the Horn of Africa. The co-presence of multiple genres, with orality appearing as a strong influence on their written narrative forms, places these novels within the larger formation of a black African literary tradition. By looking at these two novels from an Africanist perspective, the essay takes into consideration their plurilingual interventions, the use of glossaries and linguistic borrowings, alongside the presence of Somali and Amharic cultural references. It highlights the authorial perspective as a ‘filial descent’ that addresses the complexity of a postcolonial generational shift in contemporary African literature. By placing these works within an African literary tradition and showing their critical de-centring of this tradition, the essay reconfigures a possible space of cultural autonomy for African postcolonial writing, away from the Italocentric space of discourse that has so far dominated its critical reception in Italy.

Antiviral efficacy of entecavir in nucleos(t)ide-naïve patients of Black/African descent with chronic hepatitis B

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Jeffers ◽  
C. J. Van Rensburg ◽  
A. Banks ◽  
M. Schechter ◽  
S. J. Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
African Descent ◽  
Black African ◽  
Antiviral Efficacy

Cultural origins of haplotypes in Americans and caribbeans of black African descent

1991 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
P.A. Fraser ◽  
C.A. Alper ◽  
E.J. Yunis ◽  
J.E. Holloway
Keyword(s):  
African Descent ◽  
Black African ◽  
Cultural Origins

scholarly journals Explanations for the High Risk of Diabetes-Related Amputation in a Caribbean Population of Black African Descent and Potential for Prevention

Diabetes Care ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 2636-2641 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J.M. Hennis ◽  
H. S. Fraser ◽  
R. Jonnalagadda ◽  
J. Fuller ◽  
N. Chaturvedi
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
African Descent ◽  
Black African ◽  
Caribbean Population

scholarly journals An analysis of outcomes in children with cystic fibrosis in a tertiary African centre: A retrospective study.

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Reratilwe Ephenia Mphahlele ◽  
Visva Naidoo ◽  
Stanley Amos Thula ◽  
Refiloe Masekela
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Mutational Analysis ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
African Descent ◽  
Genetic Disorder ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Black African ◽  
Age Of Diagnosis ◽  
The Mean

<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p><strong>Background:</strong> Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a common genetic disorder in Caucasians that has become increasingly prevalent in populations of African descent. The clinical presentation in African children with CF is commonly related to nutritional and growth abnormalities.</p><p><strong>Aims/Objectives</strong>: To describe clinical, laboratory and spirometric characteristics of children followed up at the CF Clinic at Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban, South Africa.</p><p><strong>Methods</strong>: A retrospective chart review of clinical, laboratory and spirometric data of patients registered from January 2013 to January 2016.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong>  The data was reviewed for 15 patients mean age 132 months (range 26- 219 months), with 53% males. 60% of these children were Caucasians, 26,7% of these being of black African descent. Collectively, the mean age of diagnosis was 45 months (0- 156), although this was higher in the non-Caucasians at 104 months (range 48-156) versus 1,3 months (range 0-3) in Caucasians. The Caucasian group had better nutritional status when compared to non-Caucasians with BMI of 17,2kg/m<sup>2</sup> vs 14,5 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, respectively. Age at diagnosis had a negative correlation with weight-for-age <em>Z </em>score (-0,61; p &lt; 0.05) and BMI (-0,54; p&lt;0.05). The mean FEV<sub>1</sub> % predicted was 70.0 (16,1- 120,2). FEV<sub>1</sub>% predicted had a positive correlation with both weight z-score (0,83; p &lt; 0.001) and BMI (0.59; p &lt; 0.05). Chronic pseudomonas infection occurred only in 2 patients, both of whom were above the age of 16 years. On mutational analysis 5 of the non-Caucasian patients had no mutations identified on the 30 panel mutation used for testing. phelF508.del was the most commonly identified mutation in Caucasians; with 4 homozygotes and 4 heterozygotes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Cystic fibrosis is diagnosed late in non-Caucasian children in South Africa impacting their growth and lung functions. There is a need for a genetic panel that includes mutations specific for children of African descent.</p>

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