"The world isn't fair": A system justification perspective on social stratification and inequality.

2015 ◽  
pp. 317-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. Jost ◽  
Danielle Gaucher ◽  
Chadly Stern
Keyword(s):  
Social Stratification ◽  
System Justification ◽  
The World

To the Question of the Classification Patterns of Social Stratification in the Countries of the World (Brief Overview of Some Concepts and Author’s Comment)

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-75
Author(s):  
S. N. Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The World

The author considers the problems of typification of society. Some concepts of typification of social stratification models in different countries formulated and justified in historical and legal, historical, sociological, and economic scientific literature are reviewed. The circumstances that make it difficult to formulate universal concepts designed for application in the complex of social Sciences are identified. These circumstances include insufficient consideration of legal factors, including the position of the legislator, the specifics of the corporate legal status, and the characteristics of the mechanism for changing individual legal status. The author offers a variant of classification of society types from the point of view of legal registration of their structure. The possibility of distinguishing types such as consolidated companies and segmented companies is justified.

Rethinking Maltese English as a continuum of sociolinguistic continua through evaluations of written and oral prompts

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-272
Author(s):  
Sandro Caruana ◽  
Laura Mori
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
World Englishes ◽  
Linguistic Competence ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
The World ◽  
Speech Events

Abstract Scientific literature has tackled Maltese English (MaltE) mainly in the framework of World Englishes in order to focus on its features compared to other varieties of English around the world. In this paper we shed more light on MaltE by proposing a sociolinguistic perspective, oriented towards its social stratification, and by referring to it through degrees of linguistic competence in English. We therefore propose two continua of variation: MaltE as an L2 continuum and as a situational one. Within this framework, we identify two groups defined as Mainly Maltese Speakers (MMS) and Mainly English Speakers (MES). We suggest that MaltE can be interpreted both as an L2, and as a variety used according to speech events, domain, participants, in-groupness etc. To investigate this we carried out a perceptual experiment involving two groups of university students, specialising in Maltese and English respectively. We discuss the results based on ratings and evaluations of authentic MaltE written and spoken prompts.

The world of the Yoruba taxi driver: an interpretive approach to vehicle slogans

Africa ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olatunde Bayo Lawuyi
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
World View ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Taxi Driver ◽  
Wealth Status ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
The World ◽  
Status Mobility ◽  
Opening Paragraph

Opening ParagraphThe purpose of this paper is to analyse the slogans which are so prominent and ubiquitous on motor vehicles as expressions of social stratification among the Yoruba of southwestern Nigeria. I interpret the slogans in the context of the taxi owners' and drivers' social interactions, not just as disembodied expressions of a total Yoruba world view. In studying the slogans I pay particular attention to processes of accumulation of wealth, status mobility and the way these are affected by cultural values. It is argued that the vehicle owners make different claims at different stages of their careers. Their fears and hopes at each stage must be understood in the light of the contemporary Christian and traditional mix of beliefs about destiny, the world and God.

Community College Infrastructure

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Uttam Gaulee
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Community College ◽  
Community Colleges ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Education Policies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Conventional Models ◽  
National Economies

The idea of community colleges serves to disrupt elitism in higher education by countering social stratification that is created and maintained by conventional models of education around the world. At a time when countries seek to redefine their education policies towards stabilization, prosperity, and democratization of opportunities, the idea of community college offers a powerful connective solution to community, industry, and national economies. The powerful but flexible idea of community college infrastructure is open for adaptations through a wide range of unique economic contexts around the world.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF TOPSIS METHOD FOR THE EVALUATION OF ECONOMIC INEQUALITY IN OECD COUNTRIES

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-179
Author(s):  
Łukasz Kiszkiel
Keyword(s):  
Social Stratification ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
World Economic Forum ◽  
Economic Liberalism ◽  
Economic Stratification ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic ◽  
World Economic Crisis

Abstract Growing economic stratification each year in many countries is such a pressing issue that even the World Economic Forum, organized in 2014 in the luxury resort of Davos, recognized it as one of the most dangerous threats to social order. The problem of economic inequality, pushed by the apologists of economic liberalism to the margins of media discourse, once again became a “hot” topic with the World Economic Crisis in 2008, the effects of which are still felt in various countries today, and which contribute to the expansion of global social stratification. The aim of the article is to describe the sample indicators typically used by organizations, i.e. OECD, theWorld Bank to measure economic inequality in the world, and then, on the basis of these indicators, create a synthetic instrument based on TOPSIS methodology, which will allow for preparing a multi-criteria ranking of OECD countries in terms of economic inequality.

The Political Capital of War Wounds

2019 ◽  
pp. 137-151
Author(s):  
Ghassan Soleiman Abu-Sittah
Keyword(s):  
Social Stratification ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Quality Care ◽  
The Political ◽  
American University ◽  
War Wounds ◽  
American University Of Beirut ◽  
Iraqi War ◽  
The World ◽  
Political Value

Iraq’s healthcare infrastructure has deteriorated after decades of war and sanctions. A small fraction of Iraqis injured as a result of war have accessed quality care at the American University of Beirut Medical Center (AUMC), some funded by the Iraqi government. This chapter, based on the author’s work as a surgeon treating Iraqi war wounded at the AUMC, describes how powerful elites determine the political value of a war wound, influencing what a person’s injury means to the country as a whole and hence, the kind of treatment the Iraqi government is willing to sponsor. As such, the chapter sheds light on a form of social stratification shaping access to care for war-injured populations in Iraq and around the world, as political elites seek legitimation for their projects.

Determinants of the political culture of Kazakhstani students

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shakhnaza Khalikova ◽  
Gulnar Nassimova ◽  
Nina Saitova ◽  
Aikerim Kamaldinova
Keyword(s):  
Political Culture ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Demographic Situation ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic

The problem of political activity and political culture of youth in general, and student's youth in particular, have gained an importance recently. Lack of interest in the existing political processes in Kazakhstan and in the world among the younger generation became the norm. Recent numerous monitoring and researches show that the youth of Kazakhstan takes a passive position concerning process of elections. In this research it was made an attempt to reveal the determinants of political culture of the Kazakhstan student's youth. In article there presented and analyzed the results of the sociological polls concerning the main indicators of social and demographic situation, social well-being of youth. Research showed that the world economic crisis attracts social stratification of society which seriously influences an electoral activity of the Kazakhstan student's youth. Exactly, the difficulties in the solution of social and economic problems for youth in modern Kazakhstan are becoming the most important indicators of its relation to policy and participation in electoral process. The current stage of development of the Kazakhstan society is characterized by deep changes in all spheres of life. Processes of reforming took the forms of essential transformational changes, having thoroughly transformed the economic, political, social, civil relations, political system of the state. Problems of youth came to the forefront, The refore the human capital is a basis. Here legal bases and traditions are necessary. Therefore we need to solve fundamental basic problems from the economic point of view.Keywords: Kazakhstan student youth, young people, political activity, determinants of youth political culture

Hierarchy in practice: Multilateral diplomacy and the governance of international security

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Pouliot
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
International Security ◽  
Conventional Wisdom ◽  
International Organisations ◽  
Pecking Order ◽  
Know How ◽  
The World ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Multilateral Diplomacy

AbstractIn today’s world, a significant portion of international security politics is conducted through multilateral channels, often from the halls of international organisations such as the United Nations or NATO. This article theorises and empirically documents the production, reproduction, and contestation of local diplomatic hierarchies that practitioners often call ‘international pecking orders’. According to conventional wisdom in IR, the sources of international hierarchies are primarily structural, stemming from the interstate distribution of (material) capabilities. Yet the growing prevalence of multilateral diplomacy in the governance of international security generates distinctive forms of social stratification organised around a struggle for diplomatic competence. As they pursue their instructions and manage security politics, state representatives posted to international organisations make use of the opportunities and constraints of a given situation and compete for rank through the display of practical know-how. The article illustrates this process by looking at how a key set of multilateral practices lend themselves to pecking order dynamics, fromesprit de corpsto reporting through brokering. By taking the multilateralisation of security politics seriously, the article shows that international hierarchy, far from an unobservable reality, is actually part of parcel of each and every practice that makes the world go round.

How Similar Are the Values of the People of China and Taiwan?

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Social Stratification ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Family Values ◽  
Value Differences ◽  
The People ◽  
Social Structural ◽  
Sample Data ◽  
The World ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Representative National Sample

AbstractThe reunification of Taiwan with China is one possible future development. Value differences can make the merging of two previously divided societies more difficult. How similar are the values – conceptions of the desirable – of the people now living in China and Taiwan? Representative national sample data from the World Values Surveys for both countries enable us to compare values in eleven domains. There are statistically significant differences on most values between respondents in the two societies, but the degree of difference varies among domains. The largest differences are found in religious values; lesser differences exist in trust and confidence, economic values, and values concerning the environment and science. Value similarities are greatest in the domains of family values, personal satisfaction, social stratification, and gender. The bearing of social structural conditions in China and Taiwan on these value differences and similarities is shown.

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