Functional neuroimaging and models for obsessive-compulsive disorder and obsessive compulsive spectrum disorders.

2014 ◽  
pp. 363-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle A. B. Lapidus ◽  
Emily R. Stern ◽  
Heather A. Berlin ◽  
Wayne K. Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder With and Without Tic Disorder: A Comparative Study From India

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 705-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.S. Jaisoorya ◽  
Y.C. Janardhan Reddy ◽  
S. Srinath ◽  
K. Thennarasu
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
The West ◽  
Tic Disorder ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Symptom Profile ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Motor Tics

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Evidence from phenomenological, family, genetic, and treatment studies from Western centers have suggested that tic-related obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) could be different from non-tic-related OCD. This study from India investigated the differences in OCD with and without tics, with respect to sociode-mographics, symptom profile, and comorbidity, including obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders, to examine whether the clinical profile of tic-related OCD is similar to that reported previously.Methods: Fifty subjects with OCD and tics (chronic motor tics and Tourette syndrome) were compared with 141 OCD subjects without tics.Results: Subjects having OCD with tics tended to be males, and had an earlier onset of illness. They had more of symmetry/aggressive and religious obsessions, and cleaning, ordering/arranging, hoarding, and repeating compulsions and were associated with trichotillomania and hypochondraisis. Stepwise backward (Wald) regression analysis showed that an early age of onset, male gender, aggressive obsessions, cleaning compulsions, and trichotillomania were significantly associated with tic-related OCD.Conclusion: The findings of this study from India are broadly similar to those reported previously from the West indicating the universality of differences in tic- and non-tic-related OCD. Our findings also support the existing evidence that tics contribute to the heterogeneity of OCD.

scholarly journals Cigarette smoking in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder: a report from the International College of Obsessive Compulsive Spectrum Disorders (ICOCS)

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 469-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernardo Dell’Osso ◽  
Humberto Nicolini ◽  
Nuria Lanzagorta ◽  
Beatrice Benatti ◽  
Gregorio Spagnolin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Tourette’S Syndrome ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tic Disorder ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
International College ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) showed a lower prevalence of cigarette smoking compared to other psychiatric disorders in previous and recent reports. We assessed the prevalence and clinical correlates of the phenomenon in an international sample of 504 OCD patients recruited through the International College of Obsessive Compulsive Spectrum Disorders (ICOCS) network.Cigarette smoking showed a cross-sectional prevalence of 24.4% in the sample, with significant differences across countries. Females were more represented among smoking patients (16% vs 7%; p<.001). Patients with comorbid Tourette’s syndrome (p<.05) and tic disorder (p<.05) were also more represented among smoking subjects. Former smokers reported a higher number of suicide attempts (p<.05).We found a lower cross-sectional prevalence of smoking among OCD patients compared to findings from previous studies in patients with other psychiatric disorders but higher compared to previous and more recent OCD studies. Geographic differences were found and smoking was more common in females and comorbid Tourette’s syndrome/tic disorder.

Variable Insight in OCD

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca J. Hamblin ◽  
Jennifer Moonjung Park ◽  
Monica S. Wu ◽  
Eric A. Storch
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) often have good insight into the irrational nature of their obsessions and the excessive character of their compulsions, but insight exists along a continuum and is markedly poor in some patients. This chapter reviews the assessment and phenomenological correlates of variable insight in OCD in both pediatric and adult populations. It reviews the definition of insight and its relationship to the evolution of diagnostic criteria for obsessive-compulsive disorder, as well as the major assessment tools used to measure and quantify insight for clinical and research purposes. The relationships between insight and clinical characteristics of OCD, including symptom severity, comorbidity, and treatment response are reviewed, followed by a review of neurobiological correlates of insight and the relationship between poor insight and schizophrenia spectrum disorders.

Task-Based Functional Neuroimaging Studies of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Hypothesis-Driven Review

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M Vaghi ◽  
T. W Robbins
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Cognitive Tasks ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Directed Learning ◽  
Experimental Level

The neurobiological basis of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) has been probed using functional magnetic resonance in hundreds of studies over three decades. This complex literature can be syntheized using a theory-informed approach. At a theoretical level, separable, independent, constructs of relevance to OCD have been identified. At the experimental level, extensive translational evidence has provided an account that relates specific brain systems to these neuropsychological constructs. Parallels between neural substrates implicated in OCD and functional specialization of different brain regions suggest that abnormalities within fronto-striatal circuitry impinge on executive functions, and their subcomponents, and on goal-directed learning and habit formation. In OCD, this is reflected at a functional level in patterns of abnormal activations in particular brain regions during specific cognitive tasks. However, many issues still need to be addressed. The authors suggest that the experimental context might represent a pivotal variable that should be taken into account.

Functional Neuroimaging Studies in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Overview and Synthesis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian P. Brennan ◽  
Scott L. Rauch
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Cortical Circuit

Studies using functional neuroimaging have played a critical role in the current understanding of the neurobiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Early studies using positron emission tomography (PET) identified a core cortico-striatal-thalamo-cortical circuit that is dysfunctional in OCD. Subsequent studies using behavioral paradigms in conjunction with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have provided additional information about the neural substrates underlying specific psychological processes relevant to OCD. More recently, studies utilizing resting state fMRI have identified abnormal functional connectivity within intrinsic brain networks including the default mode and frontoparietal networks in OCD patients. Although these studies, as a whole, clearly substantiate the model of cortico-striatal-thalamo-cortical circuit dysfunction in OCD and support the continued investigation of neuromodulatory treatments targeting these brain regions, there is also growing evidence that brain regions outside this core circuit, particularly frontoparietal regions involved in cognitive control processes, may also play a significant role in the pathophysiology of OCD.

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