Gender identity microaggressions: Experiences of transgender and gender nonconforming people.

2013 ◽  
pp. 80-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin L. Nadal
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Gender Nonconforming ◽  
And Gender

scholarly journals The Challenge of Implementing Preferred Gender Pronouns: Queer Autonomy in the Age of Information Technologies

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-16
Author(s):  
Zooey Sophia Pook
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Gender Nonconforming ◽  
Neoliberal Capitalism ◽  
The Us ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Age Of Information

A preferred gender pronoun or PGP is the gender pronoun, or set of gender pronouns, an individual uses to represent themselves and by which they would like others to use when they represent them (PFLAG). The use of PGPs is meant to show respect to the autonomy of individuals whose gender identity may not conform to the appearance of others, or individuals whose identity is gender non-binary (HRC). The use of PGPs is suggested as a best practice by nearly every major LGBT+ organization in the US (PFLAG, HRC, etc.). Today, systems for implementing PGPs exist everywhere from college applications, hospital intake forms, dating websites, and beyond. While the use of PGPs shows respect for transgender and gender nonconforming individuals, these practices have unintended consequences as they contribute to the ever-expanding economies of data collection, made possible through the rise of information technologies. This work will explore questions of economy and power related to the collection of PGPs and the challenge of queer autonomy in the age of neoliberal capitalism.

scholarly journals Assessing Transgender and Gender Nonconforming Asylum Claims: Towards a Transgender Studies Framework for Particular Social Group and Persecution

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariza Avgeri
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Burden Of Proof ◽  
Refugee Status ◽  
Transgender Studies ◽  
International Protection ◽  
Gender Nonconforming ◽  
Sexuality And Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Human Rights Norms

In this article, I focus on gender identity and gender expression as grounds for international protection. After clarifying issues of terminology and theoretical framework, namely Transgender Studies, I criticize the current framework for determining membership in a Particular Social Group (PSG) for the purposes of the Refugee Convention, drawing on Berg and Millbank's work on the concept of self-identification and gender non-conformity as a means to assess transgender asylum claims (2013). I problematize the issues arising in the assessment of well-founded fear of persecution and the form it may take in transgender and gender non-conforming asylum claims. Drawing connections between sexuality and gender identity/expression claims, I attempt to provide a humanizing and depathologized framework for assessing the credibility of transgender and gender non-conforming applicants. Finally, by critiquing the work of Hathaway and Pobjoy and drawing from current human rights norms, I reflect on how to make good law with transgender cases without reproducing medicalized notions of gender identity or placing all the burden of proof on the applicants. In so doing, this article attempts to achieve a balance between theoretical and practical challenges that arise in the Refugee Status Determination (RSD) process involving transgender and gender non-conforming applicants. This article serves as an attempt to critically review the existing scholarship within the framework of transgender studies and offers insights for a refined framework of refugee status determination based on an inclusive reading of Particular Social Group and persecution drawing on the reading of crucial case law from anglophone countries.

scholarly journals Toward More Inclusive Gender Identity Measurement in Speech, Language, and Hearing Practice and Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1710-1715
Author(s):  
Brandon Merritt
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Communication Disorders ◽  
Demographic Information ◽  
Gender Nonconforming ◽  
Research Participants ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Gender Diverse ◽  
Gender Minorities ◽  
Optimal Health ◽  
And Gender

Purpose This article discusses current trends in clinical and research settings for collecting gender identity demographic information and argues for clinicians and researchers in communication disorders and sciences to adopt a two-question method for measuring the gender identity of clients and research participants. Traditional collection of gender demographic information has been constrained to a single question format with a binary response option. Increasing numbers of individuals across the life span identify with gender minorities such as transgender, nonbinary, and gender nonconforming, among others, and the traditional format for obtaining gender-identity related information is insufficient to capture and document this increasing diversity. An example of a two-question method for measuring gender identity demographic information is provided. The benefits and challenges of adopting such a measure in clinical and laboratory settings are discussed. Conclusions Gender minorities constitute a growing proportion of clinical caseloads and research participants within speech-language pathology and audiology. The adoption of demographic measurement tools that are inclusive of varying gender identities is necessary to acknowledge and quantify this growth and is a first step in normalizing transgender visibility in clinical and research settings. Such a move advances cultural responsiveness within the professions and promotes competent care and optimal health outcomes for individuals who are gender diverse.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Use of a Two-Step Gender Identity Measure in the 2018 General Social Survey

Demography ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danya Lagos ◽  
D'Lane Compton
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Gender Nonconforming ◽  
And Bisexual ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Bisexual People

Abstract In 2018, the General Social Survey (GSS) asked some respondents for their sex assigned at birth and current gender identity, in addition to the ongoing practice of having survey interviewers code respondent sex. Between 0.44% and 0.93% of the respondents who were surveyed identified as transgender, identified with a gender that does not conventionally correspond to the sex they were assigned at birth, or identified the sex they were assigned at birth inconsistently with the interviewer's assessment of respondent sex. These results corroborate previous estimates of the transgender population size in the United States. Furthermore, the implementation of these new questions mirrors the successful inclusion of other small populations represented in the GSS, such as lesbian, gay, and bisexual people, as well as Muslims, Buddhists, and Hindus. Data on transgender and gender-nonconforming populations can be pooled together over time to assess these populations' attitudes, beliefs, behaviors, and social inequality patterns. We identified inconsistencies between interviewer-coded sex, self-reported sex, and gender identity. As with the coding of race in the GSS, interviewer-coded assessments can mismatch respondents' self-reported identification. Our findings underscore the importance of continuing to ask respondents to self-report gender identity separately from sex assigned at birth in the GSS and other surveys.

Affirming Solutions: Using Solution-Focused Brief Therapy With Transgender, Gender Nonconforming, and Gender Questioning Youth

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-28
Author(s):  
James P. Rottnek
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Brief Therapy ◽  
Social Awareness ◽  
Gender Nonconforming ◽  
Gender Minorities ◽  
Affirmative Therapy ◽  
Solution Focused Brief Therapy ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Solution Focused

Given the growing number of young people presenting to therapy for gender-related concerns, and the growing social awareness of non-binary understandings of gender, it is incumbent upon therapists to improve their own understandings of gender, to gain familiarity with research on gender identity, and to learn to work with clients who present for gender-related concerns. One model of working with transgender, gender nonconforming, and gender questioning adolescents and children, is affirming solutions therapy. This article reviews previously suggested models of therapy for working with gender minorities and discusses the appropriateness of solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) with affirmative therapy.

Assessing the Impact of Gender Identity Nondiscrimination Policies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell B. Toomey ◽  
Zhenqiang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
School Personnel ◽  
Sex Discrimination ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Gender Nonconforming ◽  
School Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

U.S. federal law prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in education. U.S. case law also applies the prohibition of sex discrimination to incidents motivated by a person’s sex or gender, including gender identity and expression. Enumerated nondiscrimination, school-based policies that include gender identity and expression are among the foundational policies advocated for by researchers and practitioners who aim to make schools safer for transgender and gender nonconforming students. These policies serve as a foundation for all other interventions or policies that may be implemented in schools to increase safety for transgender and gender nonconforming students. Further, enumerated nondiscrimination policies provide students with a clear understanding of their rights at school, and they provide school personnel with grounding to prevent and intervene in gender-based discrimination. Research finds that transgender and gender nonconforming students experience high levels of stigma in schools (manifested as discrimination, stigma-based bullying), and that these school-based experiences are associated with compromised educational outcomes in addition to disparities in behavioral, physical, and psychological health. Students in schools that have enumerated nondiscrimination policies report less bias stigma-based bullying attributed to gender identity and expression compared to students in schools with nonenumerated policies. Further, students are more likely to report that teachers intervene in stigma-based bullying attributed to gender identity and expression in schools that have enumerated nondiscrimination policies compared to those that do not. Finally, studies find that nondiscrimination policies that include gender identity and expression attenuate the negative consequences of stigma for students.

scholarly journals Liars, Cheaters, and Short-Haired Girls: Gender Identity Denial of Young Athletes

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-150
Author(s):  
Julie Minikel-Lacocque
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Sport Management ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Youth Sport ◽  
Young Athletes ◽  
Gender Nonconforming ◽  
Youth Athletes ◽  
Field Notes ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

Gender-based discrimination in sport is omnipresent and manifests in various forms, including unequal pay, disparate access to facilities, and imbalanced media exposure. This discrimination also extends to those female athletes who do not meet stereotypical notions of how females should look and how they should move on the sporting field. Four gender nonconforming youth athletes who have faced gender and gender-identity discrimination in sport were recruited for this study, as well as their families and two of their coaches. A qualitative case study was conducted and data from in-depth interviews with each participant, one focus group with the young athletes, and observational field notes are analyzed. Through the lens of Critical Feminist Theory, this study examines the gender and gender-identity discrimination these young athletes have endured, the perpetrators of which are adults charged with organizing and regulating youth sport. The study finds that these athletes are repeatedly accused of lying about their identities, that they are often subjected to gender identity denial, and that their bodies are routinely policed and objectified. Implications for institutions of higher education, sport management, coaches, referees, and fans are discussed and include targeted education on nuanced understandings of gender, sex, misgendering, and gender identity denial. This study also calls for sport to believe youth athletes regarding their identities as well as for a re-examination of the gendered structure of youth sport.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Use of Two-Step Gender Identity Measures in the 2018 General Social Survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danya Lagos ◽  
D'Lane Compton
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Gender Nonconforming ◽  
The Us ◽  
And Bisexual ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Bisexual People

In 2018, the General Social Survey asked some respondents for their sex assigned at birth and current gender identity, in addition to the ongoing practice of having survey interviewers code respondent sex. Between 0.44% and 0.93% of the respondents who were surveyed either identified as transgender, identified with a gender that does not conventionally correspond to the sex they were assigned at birth, or identified the sex they were assigned at birth inconsistently with the interviewer’s assessment of respondent sex. These results corroborate previous estimates of the US’ transgender population size. Furthermore, these new questions’ implementations mirror the successful inclusion of other small populations represented in the GSS, such as lesbian, gay, and bisexual people, as well as Muslims, Buddhists, and Hindus. Data on transgender and gender nonconforming populations can be pooled together over time to assess these populations’ attitudes, beliefs, behaviors, and social inequality patterns. We identified some inconsistencies between interviewer-coded sex, self-reported sex, and gender identity. As with the coding of race in the GSS, interviewer-coded assessments can mismatch respondents’ self-reported identification. Our findings underscore the importance of continuing to ask respondents to self-report gender identity separately from sex assigned at birth in the GSS and other surveys.

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