Fetal respiration.

2011 ◽  
pp. 59-77
Author(s):  
William Frederick Windle
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Respiration

Role of peripheral and central chemoreceptors in the initiation of fetal respiration

1975 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Chernick ◽  
E. E. Faridy ◽  
R. D. Pagtakhan
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Sinus ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Fetal Sheep ◽  
Peripheral Chemoreceptors ◽  
Central Chemoreceptors ◽  
Bilateral Carotid ◽  
Fetal Respiration ◽  
A Minor ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between fetal femoral arterial P02 and PC02 was evalulated in 13 fetal sheep with intact and denervated peripheral chemoreceptors. With intact chemoreceptors, a significant relationship was found between fetal Pa02 and PaC02 at the time of the first breath (Pa02 = 2.57 + 0.09 PaC02; r = 0.62, P less than 0.05)mfollowing bilateral carotid sinus nerve section (CSN) or total peripheral chemodenervation (TD), PaC02. Comparison of the intact, CSN, and TD blood gases at the time of the first breath demonstrated that a) severe hypoxemia stimulates fetal respiration even following total peripheral chemodenervation; b) fetal central chemoreceptors do not respond to PaC02; c) PaC02 acting via peripheral chemoreceptors has a minor modulating effect on the degree of hypoxemia required to initiate fetal respiration. At a PaC02 below 40 mmHg this effect is inhibitory, acting via the carotid body. At a PaC02 above 90 mmHg this effect is stimulatory, acting via both carotid and aortic bodies.

Obstetric Analgesia and Anesthesia

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1949 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 869-869
Author(s):  
HERMAN YANNET
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Present Status ◽  
Obstetric Analgesia ◽  
Fetal Respiration

This book is an excellently developed presentation of the present status of pain-relieving drugs in obstetrics. It is divided into two sections: The first is devoted to (1) detailed analysis of clinical and experimental data referrable to fetal respiration, and (2) pathologic pulmonary conditions in the fetus and newborn that might be causally related to the labor inhibiting and respiratory depressive effects of many, if not all, the pain-relieving drugs used during delivery. The scope of the section is indicated by some of the chapter headings, i.e., incidence of respiratory injury before birth; respirations before birth; intrauterine pneumonia; atelectasis; asphyxia.

Pulmo uterinus: a history of ideas on fetal respiration

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 457-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Obladen
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
History Of Ideas ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
Respiration Physiology ◽  
Hemoglobin Oxygenation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fetal Respiration ◽  
Umbilical Arteries ◽  
Major Progress

Abstract Theories about fetal respiration began in antiquity. Aristotle characterized pneuma as warm air, but also as the enabler of vital functions and instrument of the soul. In Galen’s system of physiology, the vital spirit was carried by the umbilical arteries, the nutrients by the umbilical vein from the placenta to the fetus. In 1569 Aranzio postulated that the maternal and fetal vasculatures are distinct. From 1670 to 1690, a century before the discovery of oxygen, researchers understood that during respiration some form of exchange with the air must occur, naming the substance biolychnium, phlogiston, sal-nitro, or nitro-aerial particles. An analogy of placental and pulmonary gas exchange was described in 1674 by Mayow. In 1779, Lavoisier understood the discovery of oxygen, discarded the phlogiston theory, and based respiration physiology on gas exchange. With the invention of the spectroscope, it became possible to measure hemoglobin oxygenation, and in 1876 Zweifel proved fetal oxygen uptake. Major progress in understanding fetal gas exchange was achieved in the 20th century by the physiologists Barcroft in Cambridge and Dawes in Oxford.

Fetal respiration

1978 ◽  
Vol 130 (5) ◽  
pp. 605
Author(s):  
Gerhard Gennser ◽  
Karel Maršál ◽  
Kjell Lindström
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Respiration

Fetal respiration

1977 ◽  
Vol 129 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann H. Duenhoelter ◽  
Jack A. Pritchard
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Respiration
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