Sexual selection and life history.

2010 ◽  
pp. 69-107
Author(s):  
David C. Geary
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Life History

scholarly journals A LIFE-HISTORY PERSPECTIVE ON SEXUAL SELECTION IN A POLYGAMOUS SPECIES

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gao Ke ◽  
Michiel van Wijk ◽  
Zoe Clement ◽  
Martijn Egas ◽  
Astrid Groot
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Life History ◽  
Sperm Competition ◽  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Relative Fitness ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Bateman Gradient ◽  
Multiple Matings ◽  
Males And Females

Abstract Background Ever since Darwin, evolutionary biologists have studied sexual selection driving differences in appearance and behaviour between males and females. An unchallenged paradigm in such studies is that one sex (usually the male) signals its quality as a mate to the other sex (usually the female), who is choosy in accepting a partner. Here, we argue that in polygamous species these roles may change dynamically with the mating status of males and females, depending on direct reproductive costs and benefits of multiple matings, and on sperm competition. We test this hypothesis using a polygamous moth species, as in moths not males but females are the signalers and males are the responders. Results We found that multiple matings are beneficial as well as costly for both sexes. Specifically, the number of matings did not affect the longevity of males or females, but when paired with a new virgin mate every night for five nights, only 67% of the males and 14% of the females mated successfully in all five nights. The female’s reproductive output increased with multiple matings, although when paired with a new virgin male every night, additional matings beyond 3 decreased her reproductive output, so that the Bateman gradient for females fit a quadratic model better than a linear model. The male’s reproductive success was positively affected by the number of matings and a linear regression line best fit the data. Simulations of the effect of sperm competition showed that increasing last-male paternity increases the steepness of the male Bateman gradient and thus the male’s relative fitness gain from additional mating. Irrespective of last-male paternity value, the female Bateman gradient is steeper than the male one for up to three matings. Conclusion Our results suggest that choosiness in moths may well change throughout the mating season, with males being more choosy early in the season and females being more choosy after having mated at least three times. This life-history perspective on the costs and benefits of multiple matings for both sexes sheds new light on sexual selection forces acting on sexual signals and responses.

Brain size evolution in anurans: a review

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Lan Mai ◽  
Wen Bo Liao
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Brain Size ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Sperm Length ◽  
Testis Size ◽  
Size Evolution

Abstract Selection pressure is an important force in shaping the evolution of vertebrate brain size among populations within species as well as between species. The evolution of brain size is tightly linked to natural and sexual selection, and life-history traits. In particular, increased environmental stress, intensity of sexual selection, and slower life history usually result in enlarged brains. However, although previous studies have addressed the causes of brain size evolution, no systematic reviews have been conducted to explain brain size in anurans. Here, we review whether brain size evolution supports the cognitive buffer hypothesis (CBH), the expensive tissue hypothesis (ETH), or the developmental cost hypothesis (DCH) by analyzing the intraspecific and/or interspecific patterns in brain size and brain regions (i.e., olfactory nerves, olfactory bulbs, telencephalon, optic tectum, and cerebellum) associated with ecological factors (habitat, diet and predator risk), sexual selection intensity, life-history traits (age at sexual maturity, mean age, longevity, clutch size and egg size, testis size and sperm length), and other energetic organs. Our findings suggest that brain size evolution in anurans supports the CBH, ETH or DCH. We also suggest future directions for studying the relationships between brain size evolution and crypsis (i.e., ordinary mucous glands in the skin), and food alteration in different developmental stages.

scholarly journals A life-history perspective on sexual selection in a polygamous species

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Gao ◽  
Michiel van Wijk ◽  
Zoe Clement ◽  
Martijn Egas ◽  
Astrid T. Groot
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Life History

scholarly journals How multiple mating by females affects sexual selection

2013 ◽  
Vol 368 (1613) ◽  
pp. 20120046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Shuster ◽  
William R. Briggs ◽  
Patricia A. Dennis
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Life History ◽  
Multiple Mating ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Relative Fitness ◽  
Male Mating ◽  
Female Fitness ◽  
Offspring Number ◽  
Reproductive Life ◽  
Sperm Utilization

Multiple mating by females is widely thought to encourage post-mating sexual selection and enhance female fitness. We show that whether polyandrous mating has these effects depends on two conditions. Condition 1 is the pattern of sperm utilization by females; specifically, whether, among females, male mating number, m (i.e. the number of times a male mates with one or more females) covaries with male offspring number, o . Polyandrous mating enhances sexual selection only when males who are successful at multiple mating also sire most or all of each of their mates' offspring, i.e. only when Cov ♂ ( m , o ), is positive. Condition 2 is the pattern of female reproductive life-history; specifically, whether female mating number, m , covaries with female offspring number, o . Only semelparity does not erode sexual selection, whereas iteroparity (i.e. when Cov ♀ ( m , o ), is positive) always increases the variance in offspring numbers among females, which always decreases the intensity of sexual selection on males. To document the covariance between mating number and offspring number for each sex, it is necessary to assign progeny to all parents, as well as identify mating and non-mating individuals. To document significant fitness gains by females through iteroparity, it is necessary to determine the relative magnitudes of male as well as female contributions to the total variance in relative fitness. We show how such data can be collected, how often they are collected, and we explain the circumstances in which selection favouring multiple mating by females can be strong or weak.

scholarly journals Emerging issues in the evolution of animal nuptial gifts

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 20140336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara M. Lewis ◽  
Karim Vahed ◽  
Joris M. Koene ◽  
Leif Engqvist ◽  
Luc F. Bussière ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Life History ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Life History Theory ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Nutritional Ecology ◽  
Nuptial Gifts ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Emerging Issues ◽  
Simultaneous Hermaphrodites

Uniquely positioned at the intersection of sexual selection, nutritional ecology and life-history theory, nuptial gifts are widespread and diverse. Despite extensive empirical study, we still have only a rudimentary understanding of gift evolution because we lack a unified conceptual framework for considering these traits. In this opinion piece, we tackle several issues that we believe have substantively hindered progress in this area. Here, we: (i) present a comprehensive definition and classification scheme for nuptial gifts (including those transferred by simultaneous hermaphrodites), (ii) outline evolutionary predictions for different gift types, and (iii) highlight some research directions to help facilitate progress in this field.

scholarly journals Ecology and the diversification of reproductive strategies in viviparous fishes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Tobler ◽  
Zachary Culumber
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Life History ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Life History Evolution ◽  
Evolutionary Transitions ◽  
Cascading Effects ◽  
High Resource ◽  
Correlated Patterns ◽  
Maternal Provisioning ◽  
Provisioning Strategies

AbstractShifts in life history evolution can potentiate sexual selection and speciation. However, we rarely understand the causative links between correlated patterns of diversification or the tipping points that initiate changes with cascading effects. We investigated livebearing fishes with repeated transitions from pre- (lecithotrophy) to post-fertilization maternal provisioning (matrotrophy) to identify the potential ecological drivers of evolutionary transitions in life history. Phylogenetic comparative analyses across 94 species revealed that bi-directional evolution along the lecithotrophy-matrotrophy continuum is correlated with ecology, supporting adaptive hypotheses of life history diversification. Consistent with theory, matrotrophy was associated with high resource availability and low competition. Our results suggest that ecological sources of selection contribute to the diversification of female provisioning strategies in livebearing fishes, which have been associated with macroevolutionary patterns of sexual selection and speciation.

The effects of life history and sexual selection on male and female plumage colouration

Nature ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 527 (7578) ◽  
pp. 367-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Dale ◽  
Cody J. Dey ◽  
Kaspar Delhey ◽  
Bart Kempenaers ◽  
Mihai Valcu
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Life History ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Plumage Colouration

scholarly journals Lekking birds in a tropical forest forego sex for migration

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 661-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Alice Boyle ◽  
Christopher G. Guglielmo ◽  
Keith A. Hobson ◽  
D. Ryan Norris
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Life History ◽  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Annual Variation ◽  
Previous Evidence ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Breeding Migration ◽  
First Time ◽  
Natural And Sexual Selection ◽  
Isotope Measurements

Facultative, partially migratory animals provide a contemporary window into the evolution of migration, offering rare opportunities to examine the life-history trade-offs associated with migration. For the first time, to our knowledge, we describe the nature of these trade-offs, using a lek-breeding tropical bird, the white-ruffed manakin ( Corapipo altera ). Previous evidence indicated that weather drives post-breeding migration to lower elevations bringing condition-related benefits. Using elevation-sensitive stable isotope measurements and more than 1200 h of behavioural observations, we show that male manakins which migrate incur costs of diminished social status and matings with females the following breeding season. Because migratory tendency depends on inter-annual variation in weather, physical costs of displays and breeding prospects the following year, migratory decisions are subject to both natural and sexual selection, with the outcome of such decisions linked to changing climatic regimes.

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