Health behaviors: Tobacco use, overeating, and physical inactivity.

2009 ◽  
pp. 93-112
Author(s):  
Christopher L. Hunter ◽  
Jeffrey L. Goodie ◽  
Mark S. Oordt ◽  
Anne C. Dobmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Physical Inactivity

Abstract MP96: Long Sleep and Evening Chronotype Associated with Poor Cardiovascular Health Behaviors

Circulation ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 133 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Freda Patterson ◽  
Susan K Malone ◽  
Alicia Lozano ◽  
Michael A Grandner ◽  
Christina Calamaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
College Attendance ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Heart Health ◽  
Long Sleep

Sleep duration and circadian preference (morningness/eveningness preference or “chronotype”) have separately been associated with cardiovascular risk behaviors including tobacco use and physical inactivity. Interactive effects are plausible, resulting from combinations of sleep homeostatic and circadian influences. But these have not been explored previously. To address this, associations between combinations of sleep duration (short [≤6h], adequate [7-8h], long [>9h]) and chronotype (morning, intermediate, evening) were examined relative to tobacco use, physical inactivity, sedentary behavior, and overweight, in a cross-sectional sample of 439,933 adults enrolled in the United Kingdom Biobank project. The study sample was 56% female, 95% white, and the mean age was 56.5 (SD=8.1) years. Most participants engaged in 1 (39%) or 2 (35%) risk behaviors; 10% engaged in 3, 1% engaged in 4 while 15% engaged in 0. Compared to morning types with adequate sleep (referent group), evening types with long sleep had 1.98-fold odds of not meeting physical activity recommendations, 1.47-fold odds of being overweight, and 2.19-fold odds of high sedentary behavior. Evening types with short sleep had 3.36-fold odds of being smokers as compared to morning types with adequate sleep. All models were adjusted for age, sex, race, college attendance and shift work. These data suggest an interactive relationship between sleep duration and chronotype, such that evening types who do not get adequate sleep may be most at risk for poor heart health behaviors. Further work is needed to determine the effects of chronotherapeutic interventions (i.e., shifting evening toward morning preference) on heart health behaviors.

Tobacco Use and Body Mass Index: Associations With Smoking and Physical Inactivity

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel L. Del Gaizo ◽  
Robert D. Dvorak ◽  
Ryan M. Engdahl ◽  
Christina J. Eliason
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Physical Inactivity

scholarly journals Development and First Year Results of a Psychosocial Surveillance System for Chronic Disease Related Health Behaviors

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (SI) ◽  
pp. 54-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay E. Maddock ◽  
Carrie S. Marshall ◽  
Claudio R. Nigg ◽  
Jodi D. Barnett
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Target Behaviors

Chronic diseases account for 7 out of 10 deaths in the United States and 60% of the Nation’s health care expenses. Tobacco use, lack of physical activity and poor nutrition account for one third of US mortality. Behavioral surveillance systems such as the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) provide information on rates of behavior in the population and among different demographic categories. While these systems are essential for health promotion they do not assist the health educator in understanding psychosocial factors which may be related to the rates. A psychosocial surveillance system can aid in understanding the behavior change process and in the readiness of the population for behavior change. Results can assist states and localities in targeting health promotion messages and programs and can help in the allocation of often scarce health promotion funds. In 2000, the Hawaii Department of Health launched the Healthy Hawaii Initiative, a statewide program to reduce tobacco use, increase physical activity, and improve nutrition. As part of the evaluation, researchers at the University of Hawaii implemented a psychosocial surveillance system for the three target behaviors to assess changes in hypothesized mediators including stage of change, self efficacy, attitude and social norms. A random digit dial survey was conducted in the Spring and Fall of 2002 with 4,706 and 4,555 participants, respectively. Results show stability in the demographic characteristics and health behaviors of the sample but changes in the psychosocial variables. Several possible areas for interventions and messaging are demonstrated. A psychosocial surveillance system can be an important tool for health promotion and can lead to better understanding of health behaviors and attitudes.

scholarly journals Health Behaviors Among Service Members Injured on Deployment: A Study From the Wounded Warrior Recovery Project

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cameron T McCabe ◽  
Jessica R Watrous ◽  
Michael R Galarneau
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Health Behavior ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Poor Sleep Quality ◽  
Behavior Outcomes ◽  
Wounded Warrior

ABSTRACT Introduction Service members (SMs) who are injured on deployment are at risk for myriad long-term health problems that may be ancillary to their physical injury, including high rates of depression and posttraumatic stress disorder, and poor health behaviors (e.g., problem drinking, cigarette and tobacco use, poor sleep quality, and sedentary lifestyle). As the specific health behaviors injured SMs engage in have been largely ignored, the primary aim of this study was to compare health behavior patterns among those with and without mental health problems in a large, representative sample of SMs injured on combat deployment. Materials and Methods Participants (N = 3,303) completed behavioral health assessments between September 2018 and April 2019 as part of the Wounded Warrior Recovery Project. Multivariate linear regressions and binary logistic regressions were used to evaluate differences between mental health screening status and health behavior outcomes, adjusting for injury severity, age, and years since injury. Results Overall, about half of participants screened positive for posttraumatic stress disorder and/or depression (49%). Participants reported high rates of alcohol use and problems, cigarette and tobacco use, inadequate sleep and poor sleep quality, and low levels of physical activity. With the exception of number of drinking days and likelihood of current tobacco use, participants who screened positive for a mental health disorder evidenced significantly worse health behavior outcomes. Conclusions The results provide a preliminary glance into the mental health and health behaviors of SMs roughly a decade after injury, and underscore the importance of examining the interplay between mental, physical, and behavioral health outcomes among wounded warriors to promote health and wellness.

Health behaviors among testicular cancer survivors.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 9145-9145
Author(s):  
Steven C Palmer ◽  
Linda A. Jacobs ◽  
James C. Coyne ◽  
David J. Vaughn
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Testicular Cancer ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Risky Alcohol ◽  
Competing Demands ◽  
Testicular Cancer Survivors

9145 Background: Testicular cancer survivors (TCS) experience elevated risk for cardiovascular issues including coronary artery disease that present a greater threat to their long-term health than recurrence of cancer. These risks may be moderated by health behaviors (HBs), yet little is known about HBs or their barriers in this population. This is unfortunate, as these barriers may serve as intervention targets. This study examined HBs and their barriers in a population-based sample of TCS. Methods: TCS were recruited through the PA Cancer Registry. Eligible individuals were diagnosed with testicular cancer between 1990 - 2007 and provided informed consent. Participants completed measures of tobacco use, alcohol use, dietary habits, physical activity, BMI, quality of life (QOL), and barriers to performing HBs, as well as self-reported disease and treatment information. Results: 189 participants provided data. Participants were middle-aged (M=44 yrs. R=19-59), predominately white (95%), married (72%), parents (69%), 6.8 years post-diagnosis (R=1-19), and at normative levels for physical and psychosocial QOL. A substantial minority (31%) was unaware of their disease stage or histopathological type (27%), although 89% reported surgery, 32% chemotherapy, and 53% XRT. Almost 25% reported current tobacco use, and 35% reported “risky” alcohol use. Adequate aerobic activity was reported by half, but only 28% reported adequate strength and flexibility activities. 84% reported above normal BMI, with 35% in the obese range. Barriers to HBs included cancer-related problems (e.g., neuropathy, pain, hernia risk) and competing demands (e.g., work responsibility, time constraints). Cancer-related barriers were related to worse physical QOL and higher BMI. Competing demands predicted worse psychosocial QOL, unhealthy eating, and inadequate physical activities. Conclusions: Given the negative HBs in this sample and their potential cardiovascular risk, interventions aimed at reducing tobacco and risky alcohol use, as well as improving dietary and physical activity levels are needed. These interventions will likely need to overcome perceived barriers to adoption of HBs in order to be successful.

scholarly journals Project PaThWay: protocol for a school-based health promotion intervention for prevention of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) behavioral risk factors

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 1062
Author(s):  
Shalini Bassi ◽  
Deepika Bahl ◽  
Vinod Gajanan Shah ◽  
Arun Kandasamy ◽  
Melissa Blythe Harrell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factors ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Peer Leaders ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
School Based ◽  
Unhealthy Diet ◽  
Trained Teachers

Background: Prevention of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and their behavioral risk factors (tobacco use, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, harmful use of alcohol) among children and adolescents have garnered paramount importance under the Sustainable Development Goals. Methods: Project PaThWay is a school-based, two years, multi-component intervention to prevent key behavioral NCD risk factors among school-going children (classes 6-8th; 10-14 years) from private and public schools across two Indian cities (Pune and Bengaluru). We assessed the baseline knowledge, attitude, and behavior related to NCD risk factors (unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and tobacco use) of the participating students through a survey. The intervention was developed and designed for implementation by the trained teachers and similar-age peers, as facilitators. The teachers and peer leaders were trained through organising school-level orientation workshops for implementation of intervention activities, after baseline assessment. Year 1 of the intervention focuses on the knowledge and learnings and year 2 on enhancing the life-skills (leadership, communication, refusal, health advocacy, etc.). Regular monitoring visits by the project team to ensure intervention activities are being carried out as planned and providing continuous support. The end line evaluation will be done after the completion of two years’ intervention to evaluate the effectiveness of the Project PaThWay intervention. Outcome measures will include improved knowledge, positive attitude, improve behaviors related to diet, physical activity, and tobacco use, and enhanced skills in handling NCD risk factors. A process evaluation will explore several aspects of Project PaTHWay intervention (fidelity, dosage, reach, adaptations), social validity (acceptability, feasibility, utility). Conclusion: Project PaTHWay, having a multiple-component intervention, may offer the best chance for success, as it addresses multiple risk factors using multi-pronged strategies. The agents of intervention implementation are trained teachers and similar-age student peer leaders (as facilitators), one of the successful and effective approaches in school-based interventions globally and in India.

Abstract P136: Relationships between Health Behaviors and Physical & Mental Health among Smokers in California

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E Linke ◽  
David R Strong ◽  
Steve Edland ◽  
Wael Al-Delaimy
Keyword(s):  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviors ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

Background: Tobacco use, physical inactivity (PA), and sedentary behavior (SB) are leading behavioral risk factors for mental and physical health problems. The combination of smoking and other unhealthy lifestyle behaviors heightens the risk from smoking alone. Examining the relationships between health behaviors and health problems in a representative sample of California smokers enables quantification of the negative health effects of engaging in multiple unhealthy lifestyle behaviors over and above any adverse health effects from smoking alone. Methods: The 2011 California Longitudinal Smokers Survey (CLSS) surveyed smokers who participated in the previous 2009 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS), a population-based random sample of California residents. The present analyses included 1,718 current smokers surveyed again two years after participating in CHIS. The sample respondents were weighted to the age, gender, geographic place of residence, and ethnicity of the population of all adult California smokers. For the current analyses, physical inactivity was defined as <10 minutes of sustained PA per week; a high level of SB was defined as ≥2 hours of leisure screen time per day; obesity was determined via calculated body mass index (BMI≥30) based on respondents’ self-reported height and weight; and elevated depressive and anxiety symptoms were determined via responses to two questions comprised of clusters of symptoms for each condition on the Patient Health Questionnaire for Depression and Anxiety (PHQ-4) instrument. Results: Results revealed a significant relationship between physical inactivity and obesity (t=3.5, p < 0.001) and an interaction between sex and physical inactivity, such that male smokers who reported <10 min/week of PA were more likely than male smokers who reported ≥10 min/week of PA to be obese (t=2.8, p< 0.01). Physical inactivity was also associated with elevated anxiety symptoms among smokers (t=2.9, p<0.01). Smokers who reported ≥2 hours/day of leisure time SB were more likely to report ever receiving a diagnosis of heart disease by a physician (t=3.3, p<0.005). SB was also associated with elevated depressive symptoms among smokers (t=3.7, p<0.001). Conclusion: The combination of smoking and physical inactivity or excessive SB is associated with worse mental and physical health than smoking alone. The American Heart Association encourages individuals to improve their cardiovascular health by quitting smoking, increasing PA, reducing SB, and maintaining a healthy weight. Public health efforts to increase awareness of the significant benefits of improving these and other health behaviors rely upon the collection, analysis, and publication of data demonstrating the associations between health behaviors and outcomes.

scholarly journals Strategies to improve the implementation of policies, practices or programmes in sporting organisations targeting poor diet, physical inactivity, obesity, risky alcohol use or tobacco use: a systematic review

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. e019151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tameka McFadyen ◽  
Li Kheng Chai ◽  
Rebecca Wyse ◽  
Melanie Kingsland ◽  
Sze Lin Yoong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Implementation Strategies ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Individual Level

ObjectivesThe primary aim for this review is to determine the effectiveness of strategies to improve the implementation of policies, practices or programmes in sporting organisations. The secondary aims are to describe the cost or cost-effectiveness and adverse effects of such strategies and to examine the effects of those implementation strategies on individual’s diet, physical activity, obesity, alcohol use or tobacco use.MethodsWe conducted searches of academic databases (eg, MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL), trial registers and hand searches of selected journals. Studies were included if they were conducted at a sporting venue; described a strategy to improve implementation of policies, practices or programmes focusing on one or more health risks (diet, physical inactivity, obesity, alcohol or tobacco use), and included a parallel control group. Two authors independently screened citations and extracted data. The results of included studies were synthesised narratively.ResultsOf the 5926 citations screened three studies met the inclusion criteria. Two studies were randomised controlled trials. Two studies sought to improve the implementation of nutrition-related policy and practices and one study sought to improve implementation of alcohol-related policy and practices. Each study reported improvement in at least one measure of policy or practice implementation. Two studies reported individual-level outcomes and found a reduction in excessive alcohol consumption and an increase in purchase of fruits and vegetables at the sports club ground. Two studies assessed club revenue as a potential adverse effect, neither reported significant between-group differences on these measures.ConclusionThere is a sparse evidence base regarding the effectiveness of strategies to improve the implementation of policies, practices or programmes targeting chronic disease risk factors in sporting clubs. While all studies reported some improvements in implementation, for some multistrategic implementation strategies it is difficult to determine the extent to which such effects are generalisable.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42016039490.

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