ADHD: Core symptoms, differential diagnosis, and areas of functional impairment.

2008 ◽  
pp. 9-33
Author(s):  
Vincent J. Monastra
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Core Symptoms

Tintelingen in de handen, wat nu?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. ROGGEMAN ◽  
K. DE COCK ◽  
E. JOOS
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Physical Medicine ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Physical Medicine And Rehabilitation ◽  
Frequent Reason ◽  
Probable Diagnosis

Tingling hands, what is wrong? A patient was sent to the physical medicine and rehabilitation department for advice and electromyography because of paraesthesia and functional impairment of the left hand. Such complaints are a frequent reason for seeking medical consult. Based on the most frequent causes of paraesthesia of the hand, this article aims to provide a tool to draw up a list of the most probable diagnosis and differential diagnosis through anamnesis and clinical examination.

Delirium: Phenomenology and Diagnosis—A Neurobiologic View

1991 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Blass ◽  
Karen A. Nolan ◽  
Ronald S. Black ◽  
Akira Kurita
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Brain Diseases ◽  
Subcortical Structures ◽  
Confusional State ◽  
Cerebral Metabolic Rate ◽  
Neuronal Metabolism ◽  
The Brain

“Delirium” is a reversible confusional state. It results from widespread but reversible interference with the function of cortical neurons, as documented by diffuse slowing on EEG and decreases in cerebral metabolic rate. Delirium can be due to impairments in neuronal metabolism, in neurotransmission (notably cholinergic), or in input from subcortical structures. Engel and Romano (1959) formulated delirium and dementia as the two poles of a spectrum of “cerebral insufficiency,” with delirium resulting from reversible functional impairment and dementia from irreversible anatomic damage. So many disorders can precipitate delirium that the differential diagnosis tests every facet of one's knowledge of medicine. With aging, both normative changes in the brain and the increasing incidence of brain diseases predispose to the development of delirium. The brain damage responsible for a dementia can sensitize to the development of a superimposed delirium.

Potential Values and Risks of Biomarker use in Differential Diagnosis of Neurocognitive Disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S162-S162
Author(s):  
N. De Uribe-viloria ◽  
M. De Lera Alfonso ◽  
L. Rodriguez Fernandez ◽  
G. Zapico Aldea ◽  
C. Laserna Del Gallego ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Lewy Body Dementia ◽  
Neurocognitive Disorders ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Correct Treatment ◽  
Jakob Disease ◽  
Core Symptoms ◽  
Do So

IntroductionNeurocognitive disorders are the only psychiatric disorders which underlying pathogeny can potentially be determined. This has important implications, for it makes possible the use of biomarkers in order to gain better diagnosis, and opens a door to more accurate treatments. Nonetheless, as biomarkers are not exclusive of a single disorder, the lengths of its utility are still unknown.Objectives and aimsTo understand the values and limitations of biomarkers in differential diagnosis of dementias.MethodsWe present three cases followed in the Neurology ward of our hospital, in which they were admitted for diagnosis and treatment of a subacute form of dementia. Medical history, core symptoms, screening tests for cognitive impairment, MRI, EEG and biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid were used for diagnosis.ResultsTwo cases had consistent clinical features and complementary explorations, and they were respectively diagnosed as Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease and Lewy Body Dementia; however, the last case showed contradictory results between clinic and complementary explorations, particularly 14-3-3 protein, which was positive and led to the initial diagnosis as Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease, which was proven wrong once necropsy was practiced.ConclusionsAlthough complementary explorations, and biomarkers in particular, are of invaluable utility in the accurate diagnosis of multiple psychiatric diseases, they must always be considered within a context given by biography and clinical features, because, when failing to do so, they can lead to misdiagnosis and delay of correct treatment.

scholarly journals Comorbidities and functional impairments in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in China: a hospital-based retrospective cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. e042196
Author(s):  
Xiaoyan Shi ◽  
Yiting Ji ◽  
Shizhong Cai ◽  
Ying Wu ◽  
Lijun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Functional Impairments ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Core Symptoms

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess comorbidity patterns and functional impairment in children with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).DesignHospital-based retrospective cross-sectional study; data collection occurred between 2016 and 2019.Settings and patientsA total of 8256 children and adolescents, 6–17 years of age, with suspected ADHD agreed to participate in this hospital-based cross-sectional study over a 4-year period in China. Comorbidities and social functions were assessed according to the scales Vanderbilt ADHD Diagnostic Parent Rating Scale and Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale-Parent Form, which were completed by the parents of the study participants.ResultsOf the 8256 children, 5640 were diagnosed with ADHD. Other 2616 children who did not meet the ADHD diagnostic criteria were classified as the N-ADHD group . The proportion of comorbidities (47.4%) and functional impairments (84.5%) in the ADHD group were higher than the N-ADHD group (p≤0.001). The functional impairment scores in all of the six domains, including family, academic, life skills, self-concept, social activities and risky activities, were significantly higher in the ADHD group than the N-ADHD group (p≤0.001). The functional impairment in ADHD group with comorbidities was more severe than those without comorbidities (p≤0.001). Comorbidities and core symptoms both can affect the functions of children with ADHD. Logistics regression analysis indicated that in all of the six functional domains, the effect of comorbidities on functional impairment exceeded the effects of ADHD core symptoms.ConclusionsComorbidities had the greatest influence on different areas of adaptive functioning in children with ADHD. Clinical management of children suspected to have ADHD should address multiple comorbidities and functional impairments assessment, as well as core symptom analysis.

Core symptoms not meeting criteria for delirium are associated with cognitive and functional impairment and mood and behavior problems in older long-term care residents

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1181-1189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin G. Cole ◽  
Jane McCusker ◽  
Philippe Voyer ◽  
Johanne Monette ◽  
Nathalie Champoux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Problems ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Burden Of Care ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Altered Level ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Core Symptoms

ABSTRACTBackground:The immediate clinical significance of Confusion Assessment Method (CAM)-defined core symptoms of delirium not meeting criteria for delirium is unclear. This study proposed to determine if such symptoms are associated with cognitive and functional impairment, mood and behavior problems and increased Burden of Care (BOC) in older long-term care (LTC) residents.Methods:The study was a secondary analysis of data collected for a prospective cohort study of delirium. Two hundred and fifty-eight LTC residents aged 65 years and older in seven LTC facilities had monthly assessments (for up to six months) of CAM – defined core symptoms of delirium (fluctuation, inattention, disorganized thinking, and altered level of consciousness) and five outcome measures: Mini-Mental State Exam, Barthel Index, Cornell Scale for Depression, Nursing Home Behavioral Problems Scale, and Burden of Care. Associations between core symptoms and the five outcome measures were analyzed using generalized estimating equations.Results:Core symptoms of delirium not meeting criteria for delirium among residents with and without dementia were associated with cognitive and functional impairment and mood and behavior problems but not increased BOC. The associations appear to be intermediate between those of full delirium and no core symptoms and were greater for residents with than without dementia.Conclusion:CAM-defined core symptoms of delirium not meeting criteria for delirium appear to be associated with cognitive and functional impairment and mood and behavior problems in LTC residents with or without dementia. These findings may have implications for the prevention and management of such impairments and problems in LTC settings.

Tumor Diagnosis

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 262-265
Author(s):  
Bruce Mackay
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Specific Diagnosis ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Microscopic Diagnosis

The broadest application of transmission electron microscopy (EM) in diagnostic medicine is the identification of tumors that cannot be classified by routine light microscopy. EM is useful in the evaluation of approximately 10% of human neoplasms, but the extent of its contribution varies considerably. It may provide a specific diagnosis that can not be reached by other means, but in contrast, the information obtained from ultrastructural study of some 10% of tumors does not significantly add to that available from light microscopy. Most cases fall somewhere between these two extremes: EM may correct a light microscopic diagnosis, or serve to narrow a differential diagnosis by excluding some of the possibilities considered by light microscopy. It is particularly important to correlate the EM findings with data from light microscopy, clinical examination, and other diagnostic procedures.

The Preschool Stuttering Screen for Health Care Professionals

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-62
Author(s):  
Joseph Donaher ◽  
Christina Deery ◽  
Sarah Vogel
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Developmental Profile

Healthcare professionals require a thorough understanding of stuttering since they frequently play an important role in the identification and differential diagnosis of stuttering for preschool children. This paper introduces The Preschool Stuttering Screen for Healthcare Professionals (PSSHP) which highlights risk factors identified in the literature as being associated with persistent stuttering. By integrating the results of the checklist with a child’s developmental profile, healthcare professionals can make better-informed, evidence-based decisions for their patients.

The Effect of Sensori-Neural Hearing Loss on Threshold-Duration Functions

1968 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 842-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. N. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Time Constant ◽  
Present Series ◽  
Auditory Disorders ◽  
Threshold Duration

Previous findings on the threshold for tones as a function of their duration have suggested that such functions may be systematically affected by sensori-neural hearing losses of cochlear origin. The present series of investigations was designed to explore this relation further and to determine also whether the amount of hearing loss present has any effect upon the results which are obtained. Preliminary studies were also carried out on a conductively impaired listener to indicate whether hearing losses of this type affect the threshold-duration function. The results indicate that the threshold-duration function is systematically affected by sensori-neural hearing losses of cochlear origin. This effect is manifested by a progressive shortening of the time constant relating threshold to duration and is not uniquely related to the amount of hearing loss present. The results obtained from the conductively impaired listener suggested that this type of hearing loss has no effect on the threshold-duration function, thereby implying that such functions may contribute significantly to the differential diagnosis of auditory disorders.

POST-TRANSFUSION PURPURA VS. HEPARIN-INDUCED THROMBOCYTOPENIA: DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Araujo ◽  
J. J. Sa ◽  
V. Araujo ◽  
M. Lopes ◽  
L. M. Cunha-Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document