The schizophrenic reaction and the interpersonal field.

2005 ◽  
pp. 194-224
Author(s):  
Otto Allen Will
Keyword(s):  
Schizophrenic Reaction

Effects of biological and social motivation on schizophrenic reaction time.

1957 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Rosenbaum ◽  
William R. Mackavey ◽  
James L. Grisell
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Social Motivation ◽  
Schizophrenic Reaction

scholarly journals The Diagnosis and Treatment of Borderline Schizophrenia in Adolescence

1967 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Katz
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Program ◽  
Thought Disorder ◽  
The Other ◽  
Strengthening Effect ◽  
Supportive Psychotherapy ◽  
Environmental Manipulation ◽  
Reality Testing ◽  
Schizophrenic Reaction ◽  
Real Person ◽  
The Relationship

It is necessary to establish the presence or absence of a borderline schizophrenic reaction early, for it is of great importance in deciding on the treatment program for the patient. Its presence is suspected if there are symptoms that indicate that the patient is developing a thought disorder, and/or a disturbance of affect of schizophrenic type, and/or is beginning to detach from reality. It is also suspected if there is a persistence of such symptoms as disturbances of judgment, poor empathy and understanding of others, an absence of enjoyment, periods of seclusiveness, or sexual and philosophical preoccupations. Mixtures of the neuroses, with free-floating anxiety often indicates an underlying schizophrenic process. In the treatment of a patient with a borderline schizophrenic reaction, the prime focus should be on the prevention of a psychosis. The child should be protected against severe stresses, which may involve some environmental manipulation. Anxiety has a deteriorating effect and tranquillizers may have to be used. Supportive psychotherapy is of great value. It is essential that the relationship with the therapist be a positive one. The therapist should be a real person who offers the adolescent patient someone with whom to identify. One strengthens useful defences and lessens the need for the other defences by reducing the ego's needs for those defences, e.g. by reality testing the fantasied threats, by offering a less punitive and less rigid superego, and by manipulating the environment to reduce stress. It is often helpful to orient the patient towards pleasurable experiences which have an ego-strengthening effect. Here then, in the handling of the defences and in the management of anxiety, can be seen a major difference in the treatment of patients with a borderline schizophrenic reaction, from the treatment of patients with psycho-neuroses or personality disorders. Failure to recognize the presence of an underlying schizophrenic process may lead to the choice of the wrong treatment program for the patient, with a resultant worsening of his condition and the onset of a psychosis.

Paranoid Psychoses

1968 ◽  
Vol 114 (510) ◽  
pp. 553-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Retterstöl
Keyword(s):  
American Literature ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Schizophrenic Reaction ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
Insidious Development ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Process Schizophrenia ◽  
American Authors ◽  
Chronic Course

In the present paper the author will try to elucidate the stability of nosological categories as revealed by a personal follow-up investigation of 301 previously hospitalized patients with paranoid psychoses. Since the terminology used will be the Scandinavian one, a short review of the diagnostic concepts will be given. The Scandinavian concept of schizophrenia is rather narrower than that employed in the rest of Europe, and especially narrower than that prevailing in the Anglo-American literature. Many American authors include in their concept of schizophrenia what may be called “the schizophrenic reaction types”. In the present paper, the concept of schizophrenia used by Langfeldt (1937, 1939), sometimes, referred to as “process schizophrenia” or “nuclear schizophrenia” is used. “Primary symptoms” occur in clear consciousness; these include disturbances of thinking, disintegration of emotions, autism, marked feeling of influence and passivity, massive depersonalization and derealization. As a rule the illness has an insidious development and a chronic course ending up with a greater or lesser degree of mental deterioration.

The Importance of Physical and Neurologic Examinations in the Schizophrenic Reaction

1965 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob H. Friedman ◽  
Daniel A. Scherber ◽  
Demosthenes Papapetropoules
Keyword(s):  
Schizophrenic Reaction

Diagnostic Implications of Wisc Scores

1970 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 967-973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah M. Schoonover ◽  
Richard K. Hertel
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Mental Deficiency ◽  
Verbal Iq ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
Schizophrenic Reaction ◽  
Personality Pattern ◽  
Personality Disturbance

The WISC scores of 351 children in 9 diagnostic categories were compared in terms of differences in subtest scores, Verbal IQ-Performance IQ difference, subtest scatter, and subtest patterning. The 9 categories, Psychoneurotic Disorder, Personality Pattern Disturbance, Personality Trait Disturbance, Sociopathic Personality Disturbance, Special Symptom Reaction, Transient Situational Personality Disorder, Schizophrenic Reaction, Chronic Brain Syndrome, and Mental Deficiency, were not differentiated adequately by any of the above techniques.

Delusions of Witchcraft: A Cross Cultural Study

1968 ◽  
Vol 114 (513) ◽  
pp. 963-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Risso ◽  
W. Böker
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
World War ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
Cross Cultural Study ◽  
The Social ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Schizophrenic Reaction ◽  
Second World

Since the Second World War the number of Italians working in Switzerland has greatly increased. In 1962 there were officially 454,000 Italian workers in that country and this is almost certainly an underestimate. In 1960 and 1961 one of the authors (Risso) investigated the social, cultural, genetic and other factors in the mental illnesses of 709 Italian patients in psychiatric clinics and mental hospitals in German-speaking Switzerland. These patients had rather unusual symptoms in that there was a mixture of normal ideas, which appeared to be derived from their cultural background, and psychotic or psychotic-like symptoms. It was therefore often difficult to allot these patients' illnesses to one of the usual diagnostic categories, so that it was not easy to decide if the patient had a schizophrenic episode, a schizophrenic reaction or a non-psychotic psychogenic reaction.

Studies in Schizophrenia: II. Estimation of Serum-Cholesterol

1952 ◽  
Vol 98 (412) ◽  
pp. 466-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Fleischhacker ◽  
F. N. Bullock
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
List Type ◽  
Globulin Fraction ◽  
Organic Disease ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Schizophrenic Reaction ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

IN a previous paper (Bullock, Clancey and Fleischhacker, 1951) an attempt was made to separate schizophrenic reaction syndromes, due to diagnosable and often successfully treatable disease of known etiology, from idiopathic or cryptogenic schizophrenia. It was shown that the criteria of idiopathic schizophrenia are—(1)Positivey : (a) Mentally, the classical symptoms of inadequacy and inappropriateness : of thought (paralogia), of affect (parapathema), to which one may add of volition (paraboulema), usually accompanied by hallucinations, paranoid ideas, etc.(b) Physically, a slightly pathological C.S.F., due essentially to an increase of the globulin fraction.(2)Negalively : the absence of generally acknowledged organic disease of the brain, or any physical disease which is known to produce such disorders of the central nervous system or the C.S.F., as mentioned under (i).

The Psychogenesis of Schizophrenia

1966 ◽  
Vol 112 (485) ◽  
pp. 333-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Kind
Keyword(s):  
Critical Survey ◽  
Objective Data ◽  
Psychological Processes ◽  
Present Survey ◽  
Schizophrenic Reaction ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Participant Observer ◽  
American Authors ◽  
Nuclear Group ◽  
Complex Question

The Editor of theBritish Journal of Psychiatryhas been kind enough to ask me to write a summary and a critical survey of the objective data bearing on the causation of schizophrenia by environmental factors, especially those of a psychogenic nature. I was also asked to combine with this a general assessment of our knowledge in this field. At first sight the task as defined seems a simple and easy one, namely to collect together all those facts which point to the probability of schizophrenia being caused by the psychogenic influences of the patient's environment. But almost at once, a number of serious doubts arise. What are we to understand by the concept of “Schizophrenia“—should we take it in its widest sense as including all the “schizophrenic reaction types”, as do many American authors, or in the far narrower sense favoured by Scandinavian psychiatrists, who recognize only a central or “nuclear group” as true schizophrenia, and describe all related conditions as “schizophreniform psychoses“? Further, what do we mean here by “causation”, and what do we call “objective data”? We shall see later that if we were to collect as data only such as a “non participant observer” (H. Stierlin) thinks he can perceive in the schizophrenic's environment, we should miss the significance of those very factors which are most relevant to the development of the psychosis. It is indeed a complex question—and one which has been the subject of much philosophical reflection— whether it is at all legitimate to assume the existence of “causes” for psychological processes, and whether a search for “causes” is a meaningful undertaking. This, however, lies outside the scope of the present survey; all we need to do is to bear in mind that the use of a one-sided conception of causality might from the very start greatly restrict our field of enquiry, so that essential processes by which schizophrenia arises might not even come to our notice.

Dementia Præcox (Schizophrenic Reaction Types).

1929 ◽  
pp. 71-102
Author(s):  
Edward A. Strecker ◽  
Franklin G. Ebaugh
Keyword(s):  
Dementia Praecox ◽  
Schizophrenic Reaction
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