Field dependence with pitched, rolled, and yawed visual frame effects.

Assessment of visual field dependence: Comparison between the mechanical 3D rod-and-frame test developed by Oltman in 1968 with a 2D computer-based version

Journal of Vestibular Research ◽

10.3233/ves-2008-185-601 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 18 (5-6) ◽

pp. 239-247 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Brice Isableu ◽

Marc Gueguen ◽

Benoît Fourré ◽

Guillaume Giraudet ◽

Michel-Ange Amorim

Keyword(s):

Visual Field ◽

Field Dependence ◽

Spatial Perception ◽

Rehabilitation Programs ◽

Perceptual Style ◽

Visual Frame ◽

Computer Based ◽

Rod And Frame Test ◽

Rod And Frame ◽

Visual Field Dependence

The identification of subject’s perceptual style regarding multisensory integration is a central issue for spatial perception and sensorimotricity. In spatial orientation studies, the weighting of visual frame of reference (visual field dependence) is classically assessed by using verticality perception tasks, and especially the mechanical 3D rod-and-frame test (3D RFT). The validation of a 2D computer-based version of the RFT by virtue of its portability would facilitate the identification of modes of spatial referencing for the design and evaluation of sensory and motor rehabilitation programs. We question here whether the computerized 2D RFT yields frame effects similar (in amplitude, direction) and correlated to those induced by the mechanical 3D RFT. In both devices, 35 young and healthy males’ subjects were seated and tasked with aligning a rod to the gravity vertical within a square frame that was tilted at 18Âř. The results showed significantly larger rod deviations from the verticality in the 3D RFT. 3D and 2D RFT errors significantly correlated but shared a small amount of common variance ( r 2 = 0.35). In addition, left-right tilt asymmetry changes from one device to another. These results suggest that the mechanical 3D RFT for verticality perception remains a more robust test for identifying the subject’s perceptual style.

Download Full-text

Manifestations of Aging in Virtual Reality Implementation of Rod and Frame Test

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igab046.2605 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 700-701

Author(s):

Michal Adamski ◽

Miroslaw Latka ◽

Anna Latka ◽

Bruce West

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Young Adults ◽

Field Dependence ◽

Frame Tilt ◽

Age Related ◽

Visual Frame ◽

Visual Vertical ◽

Two Parameters ◽

Rod And Frame Test ◽

Rod And Frame

Abstract Senior adults’ reliance on the visual frame of reference for spatial orientation is a manifestation of an age-related shift in cognitive style from field independence to field dependence. We implemented a virtual reality rod and frame test (VR-RFT) to assess visual field dependence (VFD) in n=39 young adults (20-30 years old) and n=43 seniors (60 years old and above). The subjects were asked to determine subjective visual vertical (SVV) for 19 angles of frame tilt (running from -45 degrees to 45 degrees in steps of 5 degrees). The strong VFD of seniors was manifested not only by the increased error in the determination of SVV (SVVE) but also in its distribution. For small and large frame tilt angles, seniors’ SVVE skewness and kurtosis were greater than those of young adults. The SVVE median dependence on frame tilt may be accounted for with a phenomenological model whose two parameters describe the strengths of primary (P) and secondary (S) visual attractors which subjects use to infer SVV: the edges of the frame and its imaginary diagonals. For young adults, these parameters were: PY=14.91 and SY=12.51. For seniors, we observed an over 50% increase in the strength of the primary attractor PS=26.31 while the strength of the secondary one was only weakly affected by aging: SS=13.74. We demonstrate that the asymmetry between the strength of attractors significantly contributes to SVVE made by seniors at large frame tilts. We hypothesize that a variant VR-RFT may be used in rehabilitation to reduce excessive VFD.

Download Full-text

Attachment and Field Dependence: Individual Differences in Information Processing

European Psychologist ◽

10.1027/1016-9040.9.1.43 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 43-55 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Patrizia Vermigli ◽

Alessandro Toni

Keyword(s):

Information Processing ◽

Individual Differences ◽

Field Dependence ◽

Attachment Styles ◽

Close Relationships ◽

Adult Age ◽

Males And Females ◽

Figure Test ◽

The Relationship ◽

Measure Field

The present research analyzes the relationship between attachment styles at an adult age and field dependence in order to identify possible individual differences in information processing. The “Experience in Close Relationships” test of Brennan et al. was administered to a sample of 380 individuals (160 males, 220 females), while a subsample of 122 subjects was given the Embedded Figure Test to measure field dependence. Confirming the starting hypothesis, the results have shown that individuals with different attachment styles have a different way of perceiving the figure against the background. Ambivalent and avoidant individuals lie at the two extremes of the same dimension while secure individuals occupy the central part. Significant differences also emerged between males and females.

Download Full-text