Challenges in a 30-year program of research: Conduct disorders and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, the marital discord and depression link, and partner abuse.

2002 ◽  
pp. 283-297
Author(s):  
K. Daniel O'Leary
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Partner Abuse ◽  
Conduct Disorders ◽  
Marital Discord ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

Implications of Genetic Research for Child Psychiatry

1997 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 569-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Rutter
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Molecular Genetics ◽  
Genetic Counselling ◽  
Child Psychiatry ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Conduct Disorders ◽  
Tourette’S Syndrome ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Oppositional Defiant

Objective: To review implications of genetic research in child psychiatry. Method: Key advances in quantitative and molecular genetics are noted and findings are summarized with respect to autism, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant and conduct disorders, depression, schizophrenia, and Tourette's syndrome. Conclusions: Genetic findings will be helpful clinically in the elucidation of disordered brain processes, the understanding of nature–nurture interplay, diagnosis, genetic counselling, and pharmacotherapy.

scholarly journals Cognitive control and emotional response in attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder comorbidity with disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuncheng Zhu ◽  
Li Liu ◽  
Daoliang Yang ◽  
Haifeng Ji ◽  
Tianming Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Impulse Control ◽  
Emotional Response ◽  
Emotional Functioning ◽  
Conduct Disorders ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Emotional Stroop ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

Abstract Background This study investigated cognitive and emotional functioning in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders (DICCD). Methods Thirty patients with ADHD, 26 with DICCD, 22 with ADHD+DICCD were recruited from the outpatient department of Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, plus 20 healthy controls (HC). Differences between the groups in cognitive and emotional functioning were examined using Golden’s Stroop and Emotional Stroop tests. For Emotional Stroop Mean reaction time (RT) of positive word (POS) and negative word (NEG) with color congruence (C) or incongruence (I) were recorded as POS-C, POS-I, NEG-C and NEG-I, respectively. Results For Golden’s interference scores (IGs), both errors and RTs in the ADHD group were higher than in the other groups. Longer mean RTs of POS-C, POS-I, NEG-C and neural word (NEU) of the ADHD group, and NEG-I of ADHD+DICCD and DICCD groups were observed compared to HC. After 12 weeks of methylphenidate treatment, differences between ADHD subgroups and HC on Golden’s Stroop RT disappeared, but differences in Golden’s Stroop errors and Emotional Stroop mean RTs remained. The ADHD+DICCD group showed longer mean RTs in NEG-C, NEG-I and NEU of the Emotional Stroop test than the ADHD group. Conclusions Our study shows that regardless of emotional responding, deficit in cognitive control is the core symptom of ADHD. However, emotionally biased stimuli may cause response inhibitory dysfunction among DICCD with callous-unemotional traits, and the comorbidity of ADHD and DICCD tends to account for the negative emotional response characteristic of DICCD. These deficits may be eliminated by medication treatment in ADHD, but not the ADHD with comorbid DICCD. Our results support the notion that ADHD with comorbid DICCD is more closely related to DICCD than to ADHD.

6-months follow up of lisdexanfetamine in adolescent with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder comorbid with severe conduct disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S443-S444
Author(s):  
S. Otero Cuesta ◽  
M. Juncal Ruiz ◽  
M.J. Gómez Cancio ◽  
M. De las Heras
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Conduct Disorders ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Educational Treatment ◽  
Observation Method

IntroductionAdolescents with conduct disorders (CD) often associate symptoms of executive dysfunction and developmental history of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). There is high-quality evidence that psychostimulants have a moderate-to-large effect on conduct problems in youth with ADHD. Lisdexanfetamine (LXD) reduces impulsivity and others ADHD symptoms, has better daylong coverage and less abuse potential than others stimulants.AimsTo evaluate the efficacy of lisdexanfetamine associated to psychological and family interventions in these multi-problem cases.MethodThis work presents for discussion the preliminary measures of the effectiveness and security of LXD (range between 50–70 mg, during 6 months), prescribed to seven boys, ages 15 to 17 with ADHD comorbid with severe conduct disorders. All of them were living in a Young Offender Centre, received intensive psychological and psycho-educational treatment during 6 months before and during the use of LXD. Structured clinical assessment, ADHD and Conduct Disorder Scales were performed before the onset and followed 3 and 6 months.ResultsMeasures of ADHD, and CD symptoms improved at 3 and 6 months comparing to basal measures. Secondary effects were well tolerated and all patients showed a good adherence to treatment except for one of them who was drop out because of increase of anxiety.ConclusionsEvidence indicates that LXD can be beneficial and well tolerate for impulsive and aggressive behaviours in teenagers with ADHD and severe CD. Limitations are the small number of cases and those related to the controlled observation method used.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Comorbidity in Children and Adolescents with ADHD

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Burgić Radmanović ◽  
Sanela-Sanja Burgić
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Conduct Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Psychomotor Skills ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Developmental Age ◽  
Impaired Attention ◽  
The Brain

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder with or without hyperactivity disorder is a neurobiological disorder that involves the interaction of the neuroanatomical and neurotransmitter systems. It is a developmental disorder of psychomotor skills that is manifested by impaired attention, motor hyperactivity and impulsivity. This disorder is characterized by early onset, the association of hyperactive and poorly coordinated behavior with marked inattention and lack of perseverance in performing tasks; and this behavior occurs in all situations and persists over time. This disorder is inappropriate for the child’s developmental age and maladaptive. Disorders of neurotransmitter metabolism in the brain with discrete neurological changes can lead to behavioral difficulties and other psychological problems. Most children and adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder have comorbidities, often multiple comorbid conditions in the same person. Comorbidity was observed in both clinical and epidemiological samples. It is estimated that about two-thirds of children with this disorder have at least one other psychiatric disorder diagnosed. Symptoms persist and lead to significant difficulties in the daily functioning of the child, such as school success, social interactions, family and social functioning, etc. Recent studies indicate the presence of various neuroophthalmological disorders in children and adolescents with ADHD. The most common comorbidities in children and adolescents with ADHD that will be covered in this chapter are autism spectrum disorder, mood disorder, anxiety, learning disabilities, conduct disorders, tics disorder and epilepsy.

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