Stress exposure training.

This chapter reviews literature investigating the complex relationships between stress and personality disorders. Various forms of early life adversity, particularly experiences of abuse and neglect, portend the development of personality disorders and maladaptive personality traits later in life. Much of this association appears to be causal (i.e., independent of genetic risk). A comparatively much smaller literature suggests that acute stressful events later in development show complex interrelations with personality disorders. These connections appear to be bidirectional, such that not only does stress influence the development of personality, but personality also influences stress exposure. Additionally, personality traits influence the way in which individuals respond to stressors, both psychologically and physiologically. Our review concludes by underlining enduring methodological problems and conceptual issues that await resolution in future empirical work.

Download Full-text

Introduction

The Oxford Handbook of Stress and Mental Health ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190681777.013.36 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. xvi-6

Author(s):

Kate L. Harkness ◽

Elizabeth P. Hayden

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Evidence Base ◽

Integrative Review ◽

Stress Exposure ◽

Stress Resilience ◽

Psychological Models ◽

Area Of Study

In this introductory chapter, we provide an overview of The Handbook of Stress and Mental Health. We begin by introducing the scope of the issue and critically operationally defining the construct of stress. We then provide a description of the chapters included in the volume, as well as an outline of the purpose of each of the five major sections: Assessment and Definitional Issues, Stress Exposure and Mental Health, Psychological Models, Neurobiological Models, and Stress Resilience and Treatment. The contributors represent international leaders in the field of stress and provide authoritative and integrative review and analysis of the evidence base in this crucial area of study.

Download Full-text

Impact of thermal stress exposure on seminal quality, antioxidant defence system, TNF‐α and TIMP‐3 in Ossimi ram

Reproduction in Domestic Animals ◽

10.1111/rda.13697 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 55 (7) ◽

pp. 870-881

Author(s):

Marwa El‐Zeftawy ◽

Gamal B. Mahmoud ◽

Mervat Hassan

Keyword(s):

Thermal Stress ◽

Stress Exposure ◽

Antioxidant Defence ◽

Defence System ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Antioxidant Defence System

Download Full-text

In vitro Osmotic Stress Memory in Chrisanthemum hybridum: Structural and Physiological Responses

Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology ◽

10.3329/ptcb.v27i2.35021 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 161-169 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lidiia Samarina ◽

Valentina Malyarovskaya ◽

Yulija Abilfazova ◽

Natalia Platonova ◽

Kristina Klemeshova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Osmotic Stress ◽

Relative Water Content ◽

Soluble Protein ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Proline Content ◽

Stress Exposure ◽

Stress Memory ◽

Relative Water

Structural and physiological responses of chrysanthemum to repeated osmotic stress were studied. Plants were cultured for 2 weeks (for each stress1 and stress 2) on half MS supplemented with mannitol 100 mM (Treatment I) and 200 mM (Treatment II). First stress inhibited growth parameters stronger than second stress in treatment I. In treatment II both stress events strongly inhibited growth parameters of micro‐shoots. Proline content exceeded control 6 ‐ 8 times after 1st stress, and 2 ‐ 5 times after the 2nd stress in treatments I and II, respectively. Soluble protein was accumulated in leaves during both stress exposures, and 2 ‐ 2.5 times exceeded control after the 2nd stress. Relative water content in both treatments increased after the 2nd stress exposure. In treatment II chlorophyll а and carotenoids contents were 8.78 and 4.62 mg/g comparing to control (4.21 and 2.25 mg/g, respectively) after the 1st stress. But after the 2nd stress there was no difference with control.Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 27(2): 161-169, 2017 (December)

Download Full-text

Thiol-based switching mechanisms of stress-sensing chaperones

Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1515/hsz-2020-0262 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Kathrin Ulrich ◽

Blanche Schwappach ◽

Ursula Jakob

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Environmental Changes ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Stress Exposure ◽

Atp Levels ◽

Protein Functions ◽

Activation Mechanisms ◽

Client Proteins ◽

Stress Sensing ◽

Redox Switches

AbstractThiol-based redox switches evolved as efficient post-translational regulatory mechanisms that enable individual proteins to rapidly respond to sudden environmental changes. While some protein functions need to be switched off to save resources and avoid potentially error-prone processes, protective functions become essential and need to be switched on. In this review, we focus on thiol-based activation mechanisms of stress-sensing chaperones. Upon stress exposure, these chaperones convert into high affinity binding platforms for unfolding proteins and protect cells against the accumulation of potentially toxic protein aggregates. Their chaperone activity is independent of ATP, a feature that becomes especially important under oxidative stress conditions, where cellular ATP levels drop and canonical ATP-dependent chaperones no longer operate. Vice versa, reductive inactivation and substrate release require the restoration of ATP levels, which ensures refolding of client proteins by ATP-dependent foldases. We will give an overview over the different strategies that cells evolved to rapidly increase the pool of ATP-independent chaperones upon oxidative stress and provide mechanistic insights into how stress conditions are used to convert abundant cellular proteins into ATP-independent holding chaperones.

Download Full-text

Listeria monocytogenes Cold Shock Proteins: Small Proteins with A Huge Impact

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9051061 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 1061

Author(s):

Francis Muchaamba ◽

Roger Stephan ◽

Taurai Tasara

Keyword(s):

Listeria Monocytogenes ◽

Stress Tolerance ◽

Cold Shock ◽

Current Data ◽

Health Concern ◽

Stress Exposure ◽

Cold Shock Proteins ◽

Cell Functions ◽

Small Proteins ◽

Shock Proteins

Listeria monocytogenes has evolved an extensive array of mechanisms for coping with stress and adapting to changing environmental conditions, ensuring its virulence phenotype expression. For this reason, L. monocytogenes has been identified as a significant food safety and public health concern. Among these adaptation systems are cold shock proteins (Csps), which facilitate rapid response to stress exposure. L. monocytogenes has three highly conserved csp genes, namely, cspA, cspB, and cspD. Using a series of csp deletion mutants, it has been shown that L. monocytogenes Csps are important for biofilm formation, motility, cold, osmotic, desiccation, and oxidative stress tolerance. Moreover, they are involved in overall virulence by impacting the expression of virulence-associated phenotypes, such as hemolysis and cell invasion. It is postulated that during stress exposure, Csps function to counteract harmful effects of stress, thereby preserving cell functions, such as DNA replication, transcription and translation, ensuring survival and growth of the cell. Interestingly, it seems that Csps might suppress tolerance to some stresses as their removal resulted in increased tolerance to stresses, such as desiccation for some strains. Differences in csp roles among strains from different genetic backgrounds are apparent for desiccation tolerance and biofilm production. Additionally, hierarchical trends for the different Csps and functional redundancies were observed on their influences on stress tolerance and virulence. Overall current data suggest that Csps have a wider role in bacteria physiology than previously assumed.

Download Full-text