Psychology and public policy: Tool or toolmaker?

1996 ◽  
pp. 249-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baruch Fischhoff
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Policy Tool

scholarly journals Nudging to donate organs: do what you like or like what we do?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Beraldo ◽  
Jurgis Karpus
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Organ Donors ◽  
Policy Tool ◽  
Viable Solution ◽  
Opt Out ◽  
Cadaveric Organ ◽  
Choice Policy

AbstractAn effective method to increase the number of potential cadaveric organ donors is to make people donors by default with the option to opt out. This non-coercive public policy tool to influence people’s choices is often justified on the basis of the as-judged-by-themselves principle: people are nudged into choosing what they themselves truly want. We review three often hypothesized reasons for why defaults work and argue that the as-judged-by-themselves principle may hold only in two of these cases. We specify further conditions for when the principle can hold in these cases and show that whether those conditions are met is often unclear. We recommend ways to expand nationwide surveys to identify the actual reasons for why defaults work and discuss mandated choice policy as a viable solution to many arising conundrums.

scholarly journals Desigualdad de género en las carreras STEM en el Uruguay. Construyendo cultura y registros: la experiencia en Institut Pasteur de Montevideo con InMujeres (Uruguay)=Gender inequality in STEM careers in Uruguay. Building culture and records: the experience at the Institut Pasteur de Montevideo with InMujeres (Uruguay)

2020 ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Victoria Prieto-Echagüe
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Policy Tool ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Politica Publica ◽  
Building Culture ◽  
Equality Problem ◽  
Las Mujeres

<p><strong>Resumen</strong></p><p>En el Uruguay la participación global en la investigación es paritaria, aunque las mujeres tienen una participación minoritaria en los ámbitos de decisión. Se reportan aquí indicadores para visibilizar el problema de desigualdad de género en la ciencia como un problema público. Se analizan las consecuencias y causas de este problema y se proponen lineamientos para una política pública de igualdad enfocada en atender las necesidades estratégicas de género. Finalmente, se describe la experiencia de un instituto de investigación con la aplicación de una herramienta de política pública de igualdad de género diseñada para promover cambios culturales en las organizaciones. Esta u otra herramienta auditable podría convertirse en un pilar fundamental de una política pública de igualdad en la ciencia. </p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>In Uruguay, global participation of women in research is equal, although they do not have equal participation in decision-making spaces. Here I report inidcators that show a gap in women participation and visibilize a gender equality problem in science and academia. The consequences and causes of this problem are analyzed and guidelines are proposed for a public equality policy focused on addressing the strategic gender needs. Finally, I describe the experience of a research institute with the application of a gender equality public policy tool designed to promote and bring about cultural changes in organizations. This or a similar auditable tool could become a fundamental pillar for a public policy of equality in science.</p>

Psychology and public policy: Tool or toolmaker?

1990 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 647-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baruch Fischhoff
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Policy Tool

Assessing drivers and deterrents of deforestation in Mexico through a public policy tool. The adequacy of the index of economic pressure for deforestation

2021 ◽  
Vol 133 ◽  
pp. 102608
Author(s):  
Daniela Figueroa ◽  
J. Mauricio Galeana-Pizaña ◽  
Juan Manuel Núñez ◽  
Carlos Anzaldo Gómez ◽  
J. Roberto Hernández-Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Economic Pressure ◽  
Policy Tool

NonProfits: A Public Policy Tool for the Promotion of Community Subjective Well-Being

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W Ressler ◽  
Pamela Paxton ◽  
Kristopher Velasco ◽  
Lilla Pivnick ◽  
Inbar Weiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Policy Tool ◽  
Twitter Data ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Policy Lever

Abstract Looking to supplement common economic indicators, politicians and policymakers are increasingly interested in how to measure and improve the subjective well-being of communities. Theories about nonprofit organizations suggest they represent a potential policy-amenable lever to increase community subjective well-being. Using longitudinal cross-lagged panel models with IRS and Twitter data, this study explores whether communities with higher numbers of nonprofits per capita exhibit greater subjective well-being in the form of more expressions of positive emotion, engagement, and relationships. We find associations, robust to sample bias concerns, between most types of nonprofit organizations and decreases in negative emotions, negative sentiments about relationships, and disengagement. We also find an association between nonprofit presence and the proportion of words tweeted in a county that indicate engagement. These findings contribute to our theoretical understanding of why nonprofit organizations matter for community-level outcomes and how they should be considered an important public policy lever.

scholarly journals Practical Uses of the Human Capability Framework - An Outsiders's View of a Concept Guiding Public Policy and Research

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupert Tipples
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Original Model ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Policy Tool ◽  
Human Capability ◽  
Funding Application

The Human Capability Framework (HCF) was presented at LEW 9 as a really exciting concept that had proved very useful in Massey University's Labour Market Dynamics Research Programme. It had come from the Department of Labour. Personal amazement at the apparent change of direction in the Department's thinking this represented was succeeded by the realisation of its immediate usefulness for a research funding application then in process. This paper explores the author's perceptions of the original model and its origins. Then the outcomes that have flowed from the use of the model in the succeeding two years is considered. After an initial explanation of the HCF, there is an analysis of its use as a policy tool at national and regional levels. Its use in various research projects is described as well. The paper concludes with a consideration of the academic acceptability of the concept and some questions for further research.

scholarly journals Public procurement: A public policy tool for resources management

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Policy Tool ◽  
National Output ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Avoidance Cost

<p>The United Nations assesses that defilement, pay off, robbery, and duty avoidance cost creating<br />nations about $1.26 trillion every year. That is double the total national output of all of Asia. These are<br />calming numbers undoubtedly. No one precisely knows exactly how much, yet a genuinely substantial<br />part of the misfortune will be from failures in broad public procurement.</p>

scholarly journals Dürtme Bireysel Tasarrufları Etkileyebilir mi?

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-160
Author(s):  
Meltem Erdoğan ◽  
Veysel Karagöl
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Behavioral Economics ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Financial Decisions ◽  
Policy Tool ◽  
Irrational Behavior ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

The policies created by targeting individuals whose decisions are considered to have unlimited rationality are insufficient to solve the problems that have arisen today and in the past. However, being able to influence behavior is very important for public policy, also understanding the impact of people's behavior on the needs of the government and policy choices have recently been made aware of these effects. Individuals exhibiting irrational behavior cause behavioral economics to go a little further every day. The nudging, one of the applications of behavioral economics, aims to prevent irrational behaviors in simple and cost-effective ways and thus to guide individuals to good and right. So much so that the nudge is rapidly becoming an alternative public policy tool in many areas. With nudging, designing and implementing evidence-based, tested policies rather than traditional policy-making processes increases the chances of success of policies. From this point of view, it is only one of these areas to increase individual savings by guiding (nudging) the financial decisions of individuals. Is it really possible to increase individual savings by nudging? The aim of this study is to provide suggestions on whether the individual savings can be increased by nudging in view of how the nudging mechanism works and considering the empirical findings of nudging financial decisions.

scholarly journals Estate accounting as a public policy tool and its application in the Ottoman Empire in the 17th century

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Cengiz Toraman ◽  
Sinan Yilmaz
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Policy Tool

En el Imperio Otomano, bajo ciertas circunstancias, la herencia y adjudicación de los patrimo nios eran objeto de atención legal. Tal hecho se producía siempre que se daba una de las siguientes circunstancias:-El difunto debía dinero al estado.-El difunto no tenía herederos.-Existían discrepancias entre los herederos.-Había menores que debían ser protegidos legalmente.Este estudio pretende informar sobre la contabilidad sucesoria en el Imperio Otomano, presentando una muestra originaria del siglo XVII. En el Imperio Otomano, la contabilidad sucesoria y la liquidación de herencias servía para mantener el orden social, asegurando la pervivencia de las deudas cuando una de las partes fallecía, así como el debido pago a terceros con derecho a bienes pertenecientes al patrimonio objeto de la herencia.

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