Prediction of intentional and unintentional sleep onset.

1994 ◽  
pp. 73-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torbjorn Åkerstedt ◽  
Simon Folkard
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Onset

Spectral and Topographic Microstructure of Brain Alpha Activity During Drowsiness at Sleep Onset and REM Sleep

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Luis Cantero ◽  
Mercedes Atienza
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Spectral Component ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Alpha Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Classification Algorithms ◽  
Microstructural Properties ◽  
Brain States

Abstract High-resolution frequency methods were used to describe the spectral and topographic microstructure of human spontaneous alpha activity in the drowsiness (DR) period at sleep onset and during REM sleep. Electroencephalographic (EEG), electrooculographic (EOG), and electromyographic (EMG) measurements were obtained during sleep in 10 healthy volunteer subjects. Spectral microstructure of alpha activity during DR showed a significant maximum power with respect to REM-alpha bursts for the components in the 9.7-10.9 Hz range, whereas REM-alpha bursts reached their maximum statistical differentiation from the sleep onset alpha activity at the components between 7.8 and 8.6 Hz. Furthermore, the maximum energy over occipital regions appeared in a different spectral component in each brain activation state, namely, 10.1 Hz in drowsiness and 8.6 Hz in REM sleep. These results provide quantitative information for differentiating the drowsiness alpha activity and REM-alpha by studying their microstructural properties. On the other hand, these data suggest that the spectral microstructure of alpha activity during sleep onset and REM sleep could be a useful index to implement in automatic classification algorithms in order to improve the differentiation between the two brain states.

Ungewöhnliche attackenweise Einschlafstörungen Unusual attack-like sleep onset disturbances

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (06) ◽  
pp. 435-438
Author(s):  
M. Sparmann ◽  
D. Müller
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Starts

ZusammenfassungUnter Bezugnahme auf einen Fallbericht mit stromstoßartigen Empfindungen im Rachen beim Einschlafen sowie Zusammenzucken infolge Erschreckens dabei und unabhängig davon Zuckungen der Arme oder Beine sowie Apnoen wird auf das Vorkommen von sensiblen oder sensorischen Wahrnehmungen als ungewöhnliche Begleiterscheinungen von Einschlafmyoklonien hingewiesen. Sie können auch ohne Zuckungen als deren Äquivalente bzw. Varianten auftreten und werden sensory sleep starts genannt. Bislang hat das Gefühl des explodierenden Kopfes besondere Beachtung gefunden und ist in der internationalen Klassifikation der Schlafstörungen als exploding head syndrome neben den Halluzinationen angeführt, obgleich es zu diesen gehört.

Melatonin in pediatric neurology

ORL ro ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-59
Author(s):  
Raluca Ioana Teleanu ◽  
Magdalena Sandu ◽  
Eugenia Roza
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Onset Latency ◽  
Entire Life ◽  
Light Darkness ◽  
Efficacy Studies ◽  
Endogenous Melatonin

Melatonin  is a hormone produced by the pineal gland during the night, as a response to the light-darkness variation. The endogenous melatonin levels have a cyclic evolution throughout the entire life. Various roles have been cited such as the in utero developement of the fetus through its action on the placenta, neurons and glial cells, a major role in the regulation of the cyrcadian rhythm, antioxidative, antiinflammatory roles, as well as celullar and umoral immunity modulation. In the European Union, exogenous melatonin has been evaluated by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) for reducing sleep onset latency and the conclusion was that it has efficacy studies in this regard.  

N-Acetylserotonin vs Melatonin: In-Vitro Controlled Release from Hydrophilic Matrix Tablets

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Vlachou ◽  
G. Stavrou ◽  
A. Siamidi ◽  
S. Flitouri ◽  
V. Ioannidou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Matrix Tablets ◽  
Melatonin Receptors ◽  
Solid Matrix ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Prolonged Release ◽  
Hydrophilic Matrix

Background: N-Acetylserotonin (NAS, N-acetyl-5-hydroxytryptamine) is the immediate precursor of the neurohormone melatonin (MT, N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine), which regulates sleep and wake cycles. NAS is produced by the N-acetylation of serotonin and is converted to melatonin via the action of Acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase (ASMT). Like melatonin, NAS acts as an agonist on the melatonin receptors MT1, MT2, and MT3. However, as NAS is abundant in specific brain areas, separate from serotonin and melatonin, it may also have discrete central effects. Indicatively, it has been reported that NAS may play a role in the antidepressant effects of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) and Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs). </P><P> Objective: To decipher the controlled release characteristics of the active substances (NAS and MT) in a quick initial pace, aiming at a satisfactory sleep-onset related anti-depressive profile and prolonged release, thereafter, targeting at coping with poor sleep quality problems. </P><P> Methods: A series of hydrophilic matrix tablets involving as excipients, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) K15M, low viscosity sodium alginate, lactose monohydrate, and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) M.W.: 10.000 and 55.000) was developed and tested at two dissolution media (pH 1.2 and 7.4). </P><P> Results: The results showed that commonly used excipients with different physicochemical properties govern the controlled release of NAS and MT from solid matrix systems. </P><P> Conclusions: We have demonstrated how broadly used excipients affect the in vitro controlled release of NAS and MT from solid pharmaceutical formulations. Currently, we extend our studies on the controlled release of these drugs using various other biopolymers/formulants of different physicochemical characteristics, which will help to highlight the discrete release profiles of NAS and MT.

Sleep in western culture

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Ekirch
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Western Culture ◽  
The Past ◽  
Predominant Form ◽  
Artificial Illumination ◽  
Illness Anxiety

Although a universal necessity, sleep, as the past powerfully indicates, is not a biological constant. Before the Industrial Revolution, sleep in western households differed in a variety of respects from that of today. Arising chiefly from a dearth of artificial illumination, the predominant form of sleep was segmented, consisting of two intervals of roughly 3 hours apiece bridged by up to an hour or so of wakefulness. Notwithstanding steps taken by families to preserve the tranquillity of their slumber, the quality of pre-industrial sleep was poor, owing to illness, anxiety, and environmental vexations. Large portions of the labouring population almost certainly suffered from sleep deprivation. Despite the prevalence of sleep-onset insomnia, awakening in the middle of the night was thought normal. Not until the turn of the nineteenth century and sleep’s consolidation did physicians view segmented sleep as a disorder requiring medication.

scholarly journals The Monday Effect Revisited: A Diary and Sleep Actigraphy Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-176
Author(s):  
Achim Elfering ◽  
Christin Gerhardt ◽  
Diana Pereira ◽  
Anna Schenker ◽  
Maria U. Kottwitz
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Monday Morning ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Onset Latency ◽  
Social Stressors ◽  
Monday Effect ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Cognitive Failure ◽  
Delayed Sleep

Abstract Purpose Accidents are more likely to occur during the morning hours of Mondays (Monday effect). This might be due to a higher level of cognitive failure on Monday morning at work. Methods In a pilot actigraphy study across one working week, we explored this Monday effect and regressed daily self-reported workplace cognitive failure on weekdays (Monday versus other days), background social stressors at work, delayed sleep onset and sleep duration. Diary data were gathered from 40 full-time employees. Results Confirming our assumptions, results revealed work-related cognitive failure and sleep-onset latency on the previous night to be higher on Mondays compared to other workdays. Work-related cognitive failure correlated positively with delayed sleep-onset latency and background social stressors. In multilevel regression analysis, Monday significantly explained variations in workplace cognitive failure. The addition of background social stressors at work and sleep-onset latency to the regression model showed unique contributions to the prediction of workplace cognitive failure. No significant two-way or three-way interactions between working days, sleep-onset latency or sleep duration, and background social stressors were found. Conclusion Peak levels of cognitive failure on Monday morning and the association of cognitive failure with social stressors at work contribute to understanding the mechanisms involved in the increased prevalence of occupational accidents on Monday morning. Occupational safety interventions should address both social stressors at work and individual sleep hygiene.

scholarly journals 193 Sleep Variability and Affect Dynamics Among College Students during COVID-19 Pandemic

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A78-A78
Author(s):  
Zahra Mousavi ◽  
Jocelyn Lai ◽  
Asal Yunusova ◽  
Alexander Rivera ◽  
Sirui Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Deep Sleep ◽  
Onset Latency ◽  
Sleep Patterns ◽  
Light Sleep ◽  
Affect Dynamics

Abstract Introduction Sleep disturbance is a transdiagnostic risk factor that is so prevalent among emerging adults it is considered to be a public health epidemic. For emerging adults, who are already at greater risk for psychopathology, the COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted daily routines, potentially changing sleep patterns and heightening risk factors for the emergence of affective dysregulation, and consequently mood-related disturbances. This study aimed to determine whether variability in sleep patterns across a 3-month period was associated with next-day positive and negative affect, and affective dynamics, proximal affective predictors of depressive symptoms among young adults during the pandemic. Methods College student participants (N=20, 65% female, Mage=19.80, SDage=1.0) wore non-invasive wearable devices (the Oura ring https://ouraring.com/) continuously for a period of 3-months, measuring sleep onset latency, sleep efficiency, total sleep, and time spent in different stages of sleep (light, deep and rapid eye movement). Participants reported daily PA and NA using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule on a 0-100 scale to report on their affective state. Results Multilevel models specifying a within-subject process of the relation between sleep and affect revealed that participants with higher sleep onset latency (b= -2.98, p&lt;.01) and sleep duration on the prior day (b= -.35, p=.01) had lower PA the next day. Participants with longer light sleep duration had lower PA (b= -.28, p=.02), whereas participants with longer deep sleep duration had higher PA (b= .36, p=.02) the next day. On days with higher total sleep, participants experienced lower NA compared to their own average (b= -.01, p=.04). Follow-up exploratory bivariate correlations revealed significant associations between light sleep duration instability and higher instability in both PA and NA, whereas higher deep sleep duration was linked with lower instability in both PA and NA (all ps&lt; .05). In the full-length paper these analyses will be probed using linear regressions controlling for relevant covariates (main effects of sleep, sex/age/ethnicity). Conclusion Sleep, an important transdiagnostic health outcome, may contribute to next-day PA and NA. Sleep patterns predict affect dynamics, which may be proximal predictors of mood disturbances. Affect dynamics may be one potential pathway through which sleep has implications for health disparities. Support (if any):

361 Relative Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and its Components in Improving Insomnia Symptoms in Older Adults

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A144-A144
Author(s):  
Kathleen O’Hora ◽  
Beatriz Hernandez ◽  
Laura Lazzeroni ◽  
Jamie Zeitzer ◽  
Leah Friedman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Insomnia Symptoms

Abstract Introduction The prevalence of insomnia complaints in older adults is 30–48%, compared to 10–15% in the general population. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I) is a first-line, non-pharmacological sleep treatment for Insomnia. However, the relative impact of Behavioral (BT) and Cognitive (CT) components compared to that of CBT-I in older adults is unknown. Methods 128 older adults with insomnia were randomized to receive CBT-I, BT, or CT. Sleep diaries and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) were collected pre- and post-treatment and at a 6-month follow-up. We conducted split-plot linear mixed models with age and sex as covariates to assess within and between subject changes to test effects of group, time, and their interaction on ISI, sleep onset latency (SOL), wake after sleep onset (WASO), total sleep time (TST), time in bed (TIB), sleep efficiency (SE), and percent of treatment responders (ISI decrease&gt;7) and remitters (ISI&lt;8). Effect size (d) was calculated by dividing the difference between means by the root-mean-squared error of the mixed effects model. Results All treatments lead to a significant improvement across outcome measures at post-treatment (p’s&lt;0.001) and 6-months (p’s&lt;0.01), with the exception of TIB, response, and remission. For TIB, there was a significant Group x Time interaction (p&lt;0.001): while all treatments significantly reduced TIB post-treatment relative to baseline, CBT-I (p&lt;0.001,d=-2.26) and BT (p&lt;0.001,d=-1.59) performed significantly better than CT (p=0.003, d=-0.68). In contrast, at 6-months CBT-I (p&lt;0.001,d=-1.16) performed significantly better at reducing TIB than CT (p=0.195,d=-0.24) or BT (p=0.023,d=-0.61) relative to baseline. There was also a non-significant trend for a Group x Time interaction for remission status (p=0.062). Whereas, the percentage of remitters within all groups post-treatment did not differ from chance (p&gt;0.234), at 6 months, the percentage of remitters was significantly higher than chance in CBT-I (73.63%,p=0.026) and BT (78.08%,p=0.012), but not CT (47.85%,p=0.826). There were no other significant time or interaction effects (all p&gt;0.05). Conclusion CBT-I and its components are effective in improving subjective insomnia symptoms in older adults. Evidence suggests CBT-I may be superior to either CT or BT alone in improving TIB in older adults. Support (if any) NIMHR01MH101468; MIRECC at VAPAHCS

scholarly journals Dopamine adjusts the circadian gene expression of Per2 and Per3 in human dermal fibroblasts from ADHD patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Faltraco ◽  
Denise Palm ◽  
Adriana Uzoni ◽  
Lena Borchert ◽  
Frederick Simon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dermal Fibroblast ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Dermal Fibroblasts ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Circadian Gene ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Circadian Preference

AbstractA link between dopamine levels, circadian gene expression, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has already been demonstrated. The aim of this study was to investigate the extent of these relationships by measuring circadian gene expression in primary human-derived dermal fibroblast cultures (HDF) after dopamine exposure. We analyzed circadian preference, behavioral circadian and sleep parameters as well as the circadian gene expression in a cohort of healthy controls and participants with ADHD. Circadian preference was evaluated with German Morningness-Eveningness-Questionnaire (D-MEQ) and rhythms of sleep/wake behavior were assessed via actigraphy. After ex vivo exposure to different dopamine concentrations in human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cultures, the rhythmicity of circadian gene expression (Clock, Bmal1, Per1-3, Cry1) was analyzed via qRT-PCR. We found no statistical significant effect in the actigraphy of both groups (healthy controls, ADHD group) for mid-sleep on weekend days, mid-sleep on weekdays, social jetlag, wake after sleep onset, and total number of wake bouts. D-MEQ scores indicated that healthy controls had no evening preference, whereas subjects with ADHD displayed both definitive and moderate evening preferences. Dopamine has no effect on Per3 expression in healthy controls, but produces a significant difference in the ADHD group at ZT24 and ZT28. In the ADHD group, incubation with dopamine, either 1 µM or 10 µM, resulted in an adjustment of Per3 expression to control levels. A similar effect also was found in the expression of Per2. Statistical significant differences in the expression of Per2 (ZT4) in the control group compared to the ADHD group were found, following incubation with dopamine. The present study illustrates that dopamine impacts on circadian function. The results lead to the suggestion that dopamine may improve the sleep quality as well as ADHD symptoms by adjustment of the circadian gene expression, especially for Per2 and Per3.

scholarly journals 229 Sleep-wake behavior, meal timings and digital media duration of Indians during COVID-19 Lockdown

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A91-A92
Author(s):  
Babita Pande ◽  
Meenakshi Sinha ◽  
Ramanjan Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Therapeutic Management ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Delayed Sleep ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction Lockdown and stay home order has been imposed on people in many countries including India to prevent the community transmission of COVID-19 pandemic. However this social restriction led to disturbed daily routine and lifestyle behaviour that is needed to be attended for proper therapeutic management of overall health during such crisis. The impact of lockdown on the most apparent behavioral changes viz. sleep-wake behaviour, major meal timings, and digital screen duration of Indians were investigated. In addition the effects of gender and age were explored. Methods After seeking permission from Ethical Institution, an online questionnaire based survey was circulated within India in the first week of May, 2020 for which total 1511 male and female (age ≥18 years) subjects participated. The sleep-wake behavior observed were sleep-wake timings, sleep duration, mid sleep time (MST) as function of lockdown, and social (lockdown) jetlag (SJL = MST before lockdown-MST during lockdown). Results The sleep onset-wakeup and meal times were significantly delayed during lockdown, which was more pronounced in younger age group. The sleep duration increased, specifically in young individuals during lockdown. Females showed more delayed sleep onset-waking times and first meal timing with longer sleep duration during lockdown. Increased digital media duration was observed in all age groups, primarily in males. The younger age group and specifically female reported higher SJL and delayed MST. A positive association was obtained between sleep duration & first meal time, and SJL & major meal timings/screen duration, and a significant negative relationship of sleep duration and SJL with age. Conclusion The study shows delayed sleep-wake schedule, meal timings and increased digital media duration among Indians during COVID-19 lockdown compared to before lockdown. Also, gender and age emerged as important mediating factors for this alteration. The pandemic has given opportunity to sleep more and compensate for the sleep. In spite of that, the higher social jetlag in young age group and female showed the compromised sleep and maladaption with societal timing. These findings have applied implications in sleep health during longer social isolation conditions and for proper therapeutic management. Support (if any) No

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