The cognitive-behavioral model.

2004 ◽  
pp. 321-418
Author(s):  
Virginia Brabender ◽  
April Fallon
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Model ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Model

Conceptualizations of ‘cyberchondria’ and relations to the anxiety spectrum: A systematic review and meta-analyses (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Kathrin Schenkel ◽  
Stefanie M. Jungmann ◽  
Maria Gropalis ◽  
Michael Witthoeft
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Health Anxiety ◽  
Behavioral Model ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Safety Behavior ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Model ◽  
Meta Analyses

BACKGROUND “Cyberchondria” describes detrimental effects of health-related Internet use. Current conceptualizations agree that cyberchondria is associated with anxiety-related pathologies and might best be conceptualized as a safety behavior, but little is known about its exact underlying mechanisms. OBJECTIVE The present systematic review and meta-analyses were conducted (a) to give an overview of conceptualizations of cyberchondria and its relation to anxiety-related pathologies, (b) to quantify the strength of association to health anxiety by using meta-analytic analyses, and (c) to highlight gaps in the literature, and (d) to outline a hypothetical integrative cognitive-behavioral model of cyberchondria based on the available empirical evidence. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted using the PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycInfo electronic databases. N = 25 studies were included for the qualitative and n = 7 studies, comprising N = 3,069 individuals, for the quantitative synthesis. Meta-analyses revealed a strong association of cyberchondria (r = .63) and its subfacets (rs = .24 - .66) to health anxiety. RESULTS Results indicate that cyberchondria is a construct distinct, yet related to, health anxiety, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, intolerance of uncertainty, and anxiety sensitivity. Further studies should distinguish between state and trait markers of anxiety-related pathologies and use experimental and naturalistic longitudinal designs to differentiate among risk factors, triggers, and consequences related to cyberchondria. CONCLUSIONS Health-related Internet use in the context of health anxiety is best conceptualized as a health-related safety behavior maintained through intermittent reinforcement. We present a corresponding integrative cognitive-behavioral model.

scholarly journals Learning to Let Go: A Cognitive-Behavioral Model of How Psychedelic Therapy Promotes Acceptance

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Wolff ◽  
Ricarda Evens ◽  
Lea J. Mertens ◽  
Michael Koslowski ◽  
Felix Betzler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Model ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Model

Cognitive–Behavioral Theory in Sport and Performance Psychology

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faye F. Didymus
Keyword(s):  
Sport Psychology ◽  
Irrational Beliefs ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Behavioral Model ◽  
Psychological Problems ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Performance Psychology ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Model

The cognitive–behavioral model of psychotherapy holds cognition at the core of psychological problems and disorders. The theoretical foundations of this model imply that dysfunctional thinking is common to all psychiatric disorders, psychological problems, and medical problems with a psychological component, and that changing an individual’s cognition results in causal changes in emotions and behaviors. In addition, when working with the cognitive–behavioral model, practitioners acknowledge that ongoing cognitive formulation is the basis of effective practice; that working with an individual’s beliefs about themselves, the world, and others results in sustained change; and that neurobiological changes occur following cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT). The cognitive–behavioral model has been successfully applied in many domains (e.g., clinical, occupational, and sport psychology) where interventions are framed around the beliefs that characterize a presenting issue. Cognitive restructuring is one technique for implementing CBT that has been applied in sport and performance psychology. This technique is particularly relevant to performance domains because of the focus on cognitive formulation; the underpinning associations between cognition, emotion, and behavior; and the links between positively valenced emotions and superlative performance. Findings of sport psychology research extend the application of CBT beyond clinical populations and highlight the usefulness of cognitive–behavioral approaches for optimizing experiences of and performance in sport. Some would argue that the first scientifically testable paradigm that was built on the cognitive–behavioral model of psychotherapy, and came chronologically slightly before CBT, is rational emotive behavior theory (REBT). Because both CBT and REBT share cognitive–behavioral roots, they have many similarities in their underpinning assumptions and in the ways that they are applied. REBT, however, focuses on rational and irrational beliefs and the links between an individual’s beliefs and his or her emotions and performance. REBT has a more philosophical focus with motivational theoretical roots when compared to other CBT approaches. Distinguishing features of REBT also lie in the techniques used and, hence, the way in which the underlying principles of the cognitive–behavioral model are applied. Disputing is the applied foundation of REBT and is a method of questioning an individual’s beliefs that generate emotional responses. This technique aims to help an individual recognize and adjust flaws in his or her thinking to work toward a more functional philosophy. Research that has used REBT in sport and performance contexts is sparse but that which does exist highlights the approach as a promising one for optimizing athletes’ beliefs and their emotional, behavioral, and physiological responses.

Isometric Squeeze Relaxation (Progressive Relaxation) Vs Meditation: Absorption and Focusing as Predictors of State Effects

1992 ◽  
Vol 75 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1263-1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Weinstein ◽  
Jonathan C. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Model ◽  
Progressive Relaxation ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Relaxation Response ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Trait Level ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Model ◽  
High Absorption

We taught isometric squeeze relaxation (a variant of progressive relaxation) or meditation to 52 anxious subjects (16 men, 36 women). For meditation, pretreatment high absorption correlated with reductions in state cognitive and somatic anxiety as well as increments in state focusing. For isometric squeeze relaxation, pretreatment low state focusing correlated with reductions in somatic anxiety and increments in focusing. Results suggest that isometric squeeze relaxation (and progressive relaxation) may be more appropriate for individuals who have difficulty focusing, and meditation for those who already possess well-developed relaxation skills at a trait level. The results appear more consistent with Smith's cognitive-behavioral model of relaxation than with Benson's relaxation response or Davidson and Schwartz's specific effects models.

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