Why Do the Myths Persist?

2021 ◽  
pp. 157-165
Author(s):  
Mark Robert Rank ◽  
Lawrence M. Eppard ◽  
Heather E. Bullock
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Confirmation Bias ◽  
System Justification ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Sociological Factors ◽  
Distribution Of Resources

Chapter 19 reviews why, despite strong evidence to the contrary, the poverty myths continue to exist. Two sets of factors are examined—psychologically based factors and sociologically based factors. Psychological factors include particular personality traits, system justification, the use of stereotypes, confirmation bias, and attribution errors. Sociological factors include an understanding of who in society benefits from the existence of these myths. They include political actors, the affluent, and society as a whole. Summoning a newfound willingness to interrogate the role of individualism and meritocracy in shaping our attitudes toward each other and the distribution of resources is likely to prove especially difficult. Changing the paradigm toward one based on fact and reality moves us closer to effectively addressing and alleviating poverty.

scholarly journals Personality Traits and Motivation as Factors Associated with Symptoms of Problematic Binge-Watching

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 5810
Author(s):  
Jolanta Starosta ◽  
Bernadetta Izydorczyk ◽  
Małgorzata Dobrowolska
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
University Students ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Internet Streaming ◽  
New Form

Advance in new technologies has created a new form of consuming television. Binge-watching can be highly entertaining behavior, but its excessive forms could lead to development of risk of addiction. The aim of the study was to identify psychological factors associated with symptoms of problematic binge-watching and to establish on what devices and platforms young people tend to binge-watch. The results of the study indicate that Polish university students usually binge-watch on laptops and smartphones by using the Internet—streaming platforms or other websites. Low Conscientiousness was the strongest variable related to symptoms of binge-watching from all the personality traits. Furthermore, results show that there is a significant relationship between low Agreeableness, low Emotional Stability, low Intellect and problematic binge-watching. Moreover, escape motivation was the strongest factor from all motivational variables.

scholarly journals The relevance of personality traits for urban economic growth: making space for psychological factors

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 541-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Garretsen ◽  
Janka I Stoker ◽  
Dimitrios Soudis ◽  
Ron Martin ◽  
Jason Rentfrow
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Urban Economic

Personality and Sexual Adjustment

1971 ◽  
Vol 118 (547) ◽  
pp. 593-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Eysenck
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Sexual Adjustment ◽  
Diagnostic Labels ◽  
Professional Interest ◽  
Lower Fertility ◽  
Loss Of Libido ◽  
Detailed Work

In view of the considerable importance attached to sexual adjustment by many psychologists and psychiatrists, it is disappointing that very little work seems in fact to have been done in this field. There are, it is true, surveys of ‘normal’ sexual behaviour, such as those associated with Kinsey, but these are characterized on the whole by the serious limitation of using entirely descriptive statistics; these are useful in a limited sense, but are not very informative. The value of a mean of 2 · 34 for the number of times that members of a given sample indulge in intercourse during the week is doubtful when it is realized that some members of the sample have intercourse once or twice a year, while others have it several times a night; even if one could take the unaided recall of such events very seriously, and even if the rate for a given person were less fluctuating than it probably is, nevertheless when variances are as large as these means have little meaning or relevance. Clearly the important question centres on quite a different problem, namely that of personality traits and other factors giving rise to these very marked individual differences in sexual behaviour and adjustment. Kinsey and his followers have concentrated on the factors of social class and age, perhaps because these are relatively easy to ascertain; it is not so easy to ascertain the psychological factors involved, as many critics of Kinsey's work have pointed out. Nor have psychiatrists, in spite of their professional interest in this field, been more forthcoming; apart from isolated statements about the lower fertility of psychotics, the loss of libido in depression, its excess in manic states, and the widespread sexual troubles of neurotics, little serious and detailed work appears to have been done to relate personality traits, or even descriptive diagnostic labels, to specific types of sexual behaviour. Psychologists have been equally remiss; apart from a few undistinguished and not very meaningful studies reviewed by the writer (Eysenck, 1971) little use has been made of the well-established research methodologies and psychometric tests available to them for use in such a situation.

scholarly journals Psychological Factors of Multiple Debt Repayment Strategies

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gagarina ◽  
T. Goroshnikova
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Laboratory Experiment ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Debt Repayment

The article presents a review of the literature and the results of an empirical study of strategies for repayment of multiple debts in a laboratory experiment and their connection with the personality traits of the respondents (N = 348). The main strategies of debt repayment are identified - Rational, Semi-rational, Aversive, Distributive, Chaotic and Ignoring of small numbers. The smallest group in the empirical study is the group of respondents with Rational strategy. Respondents of all the groups, except Rational, were compared among themselves on personal characteristics. Respondents with the Semi-rational strategy, in contrast to respondents with other strategies, demonstrate a greater propensity for risk. An Aversive strategy is characterised by a tendency to reduce the number of debts and is demonstrated by respondents when performing various tasks. Respondents with a Chaotic strategy made multiple mistakes in the simulation and, in comparison with all other respondents, are less open to new experience. Respondents with a strategy for paying off debts Ignoring small numbers turned out to be more benevolent than Chaotic respondents and respondents with the Close to rational strategy.

Psychological Reactions to the COVID-19 Pandemic

Diogenes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyubka Lyubenova-Vashkova
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Mental Stress ◽  
Negative Emotionality ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Swine Flu ◽  
Psychological Reactions ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Spanish Flu

COVID-19 is a new infectious disease and as such we are faced with uncertainties in its course and treatment. Modern methods of containing pandemics are more behavioral and educational – psychological factors play a role in their success. Previous pandemics such as the Spanish flu, the swine flu and SARS have had effects on mental stress and disorders. Personality characteristics give a clearer look at vulnerability to stressors – people with high scores of negative emotionality (neuroticism) will face serious difficulties during pandemics. The different personality traits are relevant to our understanding of pandemic-related anxieties and sufferings, and the psychological effect of pandemics may be more pronounced, more widespread, and more lasting than the pure somatic effect of the infection.

Pathways toward entrepreneurial intention among Malaysian universities’ students

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanieh Alipour Bazkiaei ◽  
Noor Ullah Khan ◽  
Ateeq-ur-Rehman Irshad ◽  
Adeel Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeEntrepreneurship is a vital source of job creation and a key driver in promoting economic growth. The Malaysian government encourages higher educational institutions (HEIs) to develop more competitive and innovative graduates for the economy so that Malaysia achieves high-income nation status by 2025. This study aims to investigate the mediating role of attitude toward entrepreneurship (ATE) in the relationship between key psychological factors, that is, subjective norm (SN), perceived behavior control (PBC), big-five (BF) personality traits, entrepreneurial motivation (EM) and educational factors (EFs) with entrepreneurial intention (EI) among Malaysian university students.Design/methodology/approachThis study used a quantitative design based on a positivist approach. The adopted questionnaire was used as the survey instrument. The primary data were collected from a sample of 251 final-year students in the management field who were enrolled in research-intensive Malaysian universities. Data were analyzed through the structural equation modeling (SEM) technique using AMOS 24 software.FindingsFindings confirmed that the BF personality traits, EM, PBC, SN, ATE and EFs were positively related to EI. Furthermore, ATE mediated the relationship between BF personality traits, EM, PBC, SN, EF, and EI among Malaysian university students.Research limitations/implicationsThis research provides critical insights into the key antecedents, for example, psychological and EFs, in explaining the EI of university students and future graduates. However, results can only be generalized to research-intensive Malaysian universities.Originality/valueThis study investigated the relationship between psychological factors, that is, BF personality traits, EM, PBC, SN and EFs in predicting EI of Malaysian university students. ATE mediated the relationship between BF personality traits, EM, PBC, SN, EF and EI among these students.

Psychological Factors Associated with Poor Hypertension Control: Differences in Personality and Stress between Patients with Controlled and Uncontrolled Hypertension

2010 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 923-938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Sanz ◽  
María Paz García-Vera ◽  
Regina Espinosa ◽  
María Fortún ◽  
Inés Magán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Anger Expression ◽  
Treatment Compliance ◽  
Uncontrolled Hypertension ◽  
Hypertension Control ◽  
Antihypertensive Medications ◽  
Blood Pressure Goals ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
Personality And Stress

Only one-third of patients with hypertension under pharmacological treatment achieve the recommended blood pressure goals. Psychological factors could partially account for poor hypertension control through the existence of personality traits related to treatment compliance (e.g., self-discipline, deliberation, impulsiveness), and the fact that stress and some personality traits (e.g., anxiety, depression, anger expression, Type A) are involved in the etiology of some hypertension cases. This study was aimed at examining the differences in personality and stress between patients taking antihypertensive medications with controlled and uncontrolled hypertension. Results revealed that after controlling sex, age, and traditional variables associated with poor hypertension control, the uncontrolled hypertension group showed higher scores on impulsiveness, depression, anger expression-out, and stress, with differences ranging between medium and large (Hedges' g effect size = 0.77 to 1.08). These results support the hypothesized relationship between psychological factors and poor hypertension control.

7. Personalities, moods, and emotions

2017 ◽  
pp. 82-99
Author(s):  
Michelle Baddeley
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Financial Decisions ◽  
Financial Decision Making ◽  
Affect Heuristic ◽  
Financial Decision

‘Personalities, moods, and emotions’ explains how and why psychological factors affect our economic and financial decision-making. It looks at measuring personality through OCEAN tests that capture traits across five dimensions: Openness to experience, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism. Our personalities have an impact on many of our economic and financial decisions and choices. Often decision-making requires some thought, and our personality traits can determine our cognitive skills and, through our cognition, drive our choices. Are emotions an irrational element in our decision-making or can emotions and rationality complement each other? The affect heuristic—where emotions guide our actions—is discussed along with the somatic market hypothesis, dual-system models, and neuroeconomics.

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