Symbolic Action Theory: Reducing Psychological Ethnocentrism

1992 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 748-749
Author(s):  
Harry C. Triandis
Keyword(s):  
Action Theory ◽  
Symbolic Action

Boesch’s Symbolic Action Theory in Interaction

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
LÌvia Mathias Simāo
Keyword(s):  
Action Theory ◽  
Symbolic Action

Ernst Boesch’s cultural psychology of education

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-172
Author(s):  
Carlos Kölbl
Keyword(s):  
Educational Psychology ◽  
Cultural Psychology ◽  
Action Theory ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Educational Psychologist ◽  
Symbolic Action ◽  
Social Psychological Research ◽  
Educational Aid

Ernst Boesch (1916–2014) is well known for his symbolic action theory and distinctive approach to cultural psychology. In contrast, his numerous contributions as an educational psychologist have remained nearly unnoticed up to now. Against this backdrop, this article highlights some crucial phases in Boesch’s biography that demonstrate his strong involvement in educational psychology in general. It then reconstructs and discusses the main constituents of what one could call Boesch’s cultural psychology of education, which he developed in the context of his work as director of the Forschungsstelle für Entwicklungshilfe, insbesondere Erziehungshilfe (Institute for Research on Developmental Aid – specifically educational aid) – which was later renamed Sozialpsychologische Forschungsstelle für Entwicklungsplanung (Institute for Social Psychological Research on Developmental Planning) – during the years from 1962 to 1986. Finally, some conclusions are presented.

A Generic Model of Clinical Practice

2003 ◽  
Vol 42 (03) ◽  
pp. 203-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. G. Dietz ◽  
A. Hasman ◽  
P. F. de Vries Robbé ◽  
H. J. Tange
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Action Theory ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Shared Care ◽  
Patient Record ◽  
Generic Model ◽  
Problem Solver ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
Process View

Summary Objectives: Many shared-care projects feel the need for electronic patient-record (EPR) systems. In absence of practical experiences from paper record keeping, a theoretical model is the only reference for the design of these systems. In this article, we review existing models of individual clinical practice and integrate their useful elements. We then present a generic model of clinical practice that is applicable to both individual and collaborative clinical practice. Methods: We followed the principles of the conversation-for-action theory and the DEMO method. According to these principles, information can only be generated by a conversation between two actors. An actor is a role that can be played by one or more human subjects, so the model does not distinguish between inter-individual and intra-individual conversations. Results: Clinical practice has been divided into four actors: service provider, problem solver, coordinator, and worker. Each actor represents a level of clinical responsibility. Any information in the patient record is the result of a conversation between two of these actors. Connecting different conversations to one another can create a process view with meta-information about the rationale of clinical practice. Such process view can be implemented as an extension to the EPR. Conclusions: The model has the potential to cover all professional activities, but needs to be further validated. The model can serve as a theoretical basis for the design of EPR-systems for shared care, but a successful EPR-system needs more than just a theoretical model.

Islamic-Secular Dialogue in the Arab World

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 63-89
Author(s):  
Mohammed El-Msaoui
Keyword(s):  
Action Theory ◽  
Communicative Action ◽  
Arab World ◽  
The Other ◽  
Central Concept ◽  
Political Sphere

Many debates between Islamists and secularists have taken place in the Arab political sphere with the aim of building bridges of communication between the two actors who contributed to the transformations that have taken place in the Arab world. Despite the multiple dialogues between Islamists and secularists, conflict and tension have prevailed on both sides, with conflict taking on all forms of material and moral violence. One of the most significant indicators of the crisis in communication is the emergence of violence. That being so, this study broaches the problem using Habermas’s basic idea, which focuses on violence as a disease of human discourse and communication. According to Habermas, violence is the result of distorted discourse between fundamentalists and others; it is a distorted discourse because it does not recognize the other as it is. The study employs the Habermas communicative action theory as a central concept. Accordingly, Habermas’s theory of communication is invoked to understand the causes of the escalation of violence in the Arab political sphere.

Dyadic Obligations over Complex Actions as Deontic Constraints in the Situation Calculus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Claßen ◽  
James Delgrande
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Deontic Logic ◽  
Action Theory ◽  
Prima Facie ◽  
Situation Calculus ◽  
Artificial Agents ◽  
Planning Techniques ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Reasoning About Action ◽  
The Given

With the advent of artificial agents in everyday life, it is important that these agents are guided by social norms and moral guidelines. Notions of obligation, permission, and the like have traditionally been studied in the field of Deontic Logic, where deontic assertions generally refer to what an agent should or should not do; that is they refer to actions. In Artificial Intelligence, the Situation Calculus is (arguably) the best known and most studied formalism for reasoning about action and change. In this paper, we integrate these two areas by incorporating deontic notions into Situation Calculus theories. We do this by considering deontic assertions as constraints, expressed as a set of conditionals, which apply to complex actions expressed as GOLOG programs. These constraints induce a ranking of "ideality" over possible future situations. This ranking in turn is used to guide an agent in its planning deliberation, towards a course of action that adheres best to the deontic constraints. We present a formalization that includes a wide class of (dyadic) deontic assertions, lets us distinguish prima facie from all-things-considered obligations, and particularly addresses contrary-to-duty scenarios. We furthermore present results on compiling the deontic constraints directly into the Situation Calculus action theory, so as to obtain an agent that respects the given norms, but works solely based on the standard reasoning and planning techniques.

Zhuangzi's no action theory

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-108
Author(s):  
Gui-hwoa Jung
Keyword(s):  
Action Theory
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