Models and Mechanisms in Visual Masking

1986 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 439-441
Author(s):  
Bruce Bridgeman
Keyword(s):  
Visual Masking

Current concerns in visual masking.

Emotion ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 675-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Wiens
Keyword(s):  
Visual Masking ◽  
Current Concerns

scholarly journals The Neurophysiology of Backward Visual Masking: Information Analysis

1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmund T. Rolls ◽  
Martin J. Tovée ◽  
Stefano Panzeri
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Visual Masking ◽  
Neuronal Response ◽  
Short Soas ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Backward Masking ◽  
Neuronal Responses

Backward masking can potentially provide evidence of the time needed for visual processing, a fundamental constraint that must be incorporated into computational models of vision. Although backward masking has been extensively used psychophysically, there is little direct evidence for the effects of visual masking on neuronal responses. To investigate the effects of a backward masking paradigm on the responses of neurons in the temporal visual cortex, we have shown that the response of the neurons is interrupted by the mask. Under conditions when humans can just identify the stimulus, with stimulus onset asynchronies (SOA) of 20 msec, neurons in macaques respond to their best stimulus for approximately 30 msec. We now quantify the information that is available from the responses of single neurons under backward masking conditions when two to six faces were shown. We show that the information available is greatly decreased as the mask is brought closer to the stimulus. The decrease is more marked than the decrease in firing rate because it is the selective part of the firing that is especially attenuated by the mask, not the spontaneous firing, and also because the neuronal response is more variable at short SOAs. However, even at the shortest SOA of 20 msec, the information available is on average 0.1 bits. This compares to 0.3 bits with only the 16-msec target stimulus shown and a typical value for such neurons of 0.4 to 0.5 bits with a 500-msec stimulus. The results thus show that considerable information is available from neuronal responses even under backward masking conditions that allow the neurons to have their main response in 30 msec. This provides evidence for how rapid the processing of visual information is in a cortical area and provides a fundamental constraint for understanding how cortical information processing operates.

Backward Visual Masking with Homogeneous and Patterned Stimuli: Comparison of Retarded and Nonretarded Subjects

1972 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 903-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary C. Galbraith ◽  
Jack B. Gliddon
Keyword(s):  
Visual Masking ◽  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
Intellectual Ability ◽  
Test Flash ◽  
Pattern Masking ◽  
Actual Degree

10 mentally retarded and 10 age-matched nonretarded (normal) Ss were tested under two conditions of backward visual masking: with a homogeneous masking flash and with a pattern masking flash. The results showed that retardates had higher thresholds (impaired detection of the test flash) than nonretardates under both masking conditions, but especially with the pattern masking flash. These results are interpreted in light of published reports that masking with a homogeneous flash occurs peripherally, while masking with a pattern flash occurs centrally. Hence, the inferior performance of retardates under conditions of pattern masking implies primarily central perceptual deficits. In addition, evidence is presented that such deficits may be related to the actual degree of intellectual ability.

A Basic Psychophysics Study of Visual Masking Effect on Kanji Recognition for Image Recognition Technology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Dai ◽  
Lichang Yao ◽  
Ikue Hattori ◽  
Qiong Wu ◽  
Jiajia Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Recognition ◽  
Visual Masking ◽  
Masking Effect ◽  
Visual Masking Effect

scholarly journals Remapped visual masking

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Hunt ◽  
P. Cavanagh
Keyword(s):  
Visual Masking

Visual Masking Following Transient Adaptation

1971 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 955
Author(s):  
L. E. BANDERET ◽  
W. H. PAYNE
Keyword(s):  
Visual Masking

scholarly journals Contrast thresholds reveal different visual masking functions in humans and praying mantises

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghaith Tarawneh ◽  
Vivek Nityananda ◽  
Ronny Rosner ◽  
Steven Errington ◽  
William Herbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Frequency ◽  
Motion Detection ◽  
Visual Masking ◽  
High Spatial Frequency ◽  
Visual Noise ◽  
Frequency Noise ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Spatial Frequencies ◽  
Summary Statement ◽  
Contrast Thresholds

AbstractRecently, we showed a novel property of the Hassenstein-Reichardt detector: namely, that insect motion detection can be masked by “invisible” noise, i.e. visual noise presented at spatial frequencies to which the animals do not respond when presented as a signal. While this study compared the effect of noise on human and insect motion perception, it used different ways of quantifying masking in two species. This was because the human studies measured contrast thresholds, which were too time-consuming to acquire in the insect given the large number of stimulus parameters examined. Here, we run longer experiments in which we obtained contrast thresholds at just two signal and two noise frequencies. We examine the increase in threshold produced by noise at either the same frequency as the signal, or a different frequency. We do this in both humans and praying mantises (Sphodromantis lineola), enabling us to compare these species directly in the same paradigm. Our results confirm our earlier finding: whereas in humans, visual noise masks much more effectively when presented at the signal spatial frequency, in insects, noise is roughly equivalently effective whether presented at the same frequency or a lower frequency. In both species, visual noise presented at a higher spatial frequency is a less effective mask.Summary StatementWe here show that despite having similar motion detection systems, insects and humans differ in the effect of low and high spatial frequency noise on their contrast thresholds.

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