Relationships in Temporal Context: A Conjunction of Knowledge Domains

AbstractIn the field of scientometrics, the principal purpose for author co-citation analysis (ACA) is to map knowledge domains by quantifying the relationship between co-cited author pairs. However, traditional ACA has been criticized since its input is insufficiently informative by simply counting authors’ co-citation frequencies. To address this issue, this paper introduces a new method that reconstructs the raw co-citation matrices by regarding document unit counts and keywords of references, named as Document- and Keyword-Based Author Co-Citation Analysis (DKACA). Based on the traditional ACA, DKACA counted co-citation pairs by document units instead of authors from the global network perspective. Moreover, by incorporating the information of keywords from cited papers, DKACA captured their semantic similarity between co-cited papers. In the method validation part, we implemented network visualization and MDS measurement to evaluate the effectiveness of DKACA. Results suggest that the proposed DKACA method not only reveals more insights that are previously unknown but also improves the performance and accuracy of knowledge domain mapping, representing a new basis for further studies.

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Time changes: Temporal contexts support event segmentation in associative memory

10.31234/osf.io/aunys ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Vincent van de Ven ◽

Moritz Jaeckels ◽

Peter De Weerd

Keyword(s):

Associative Memory ◽

Temporal Order ◽

Temporal Order Judgment ◽

Temporal Context ◽

Temporal Acuity ◽

Event Segmentation ◽

Standard Interval ◽

Test Items ◽

Time Changes ◽

Temporal Order Judgments

We tend to mentally segment a series of events according to perceptual contextual changes, such that items from a shared context are more strongly associated in memory than items from different contexts. It is also known that temporal context provides a scaffold to structure experiences in memory, but its role in event segmentation has not been investigated. We adapted a previous paradigm, which was used to investigate event segmentation using visual contexts, to study the effects of changes in temporal contexts on event segmentation in associative memory. We presented lists of items in which the inter-stimulus intervals (ISIs) ranged across lists between 0.5 and 4 s in 0.5 s steps. After each set of six lists, participants judged which one of two test items were shown first (temporal order judgment) for items that were either drawn from the same list or from consecutive lists. Further, participants judged from memory whether the ISI associated to an item lasted longer than a standard interval (2.25s) that was not previously shown. Results showed faster responses for temporal order judgments when items were drawn from the same context, as opposed to items drawn from different contexts. Further, we found that participants were well able to provide temporal duration judgments based on recalled durations. Finally, we found temporal acuity, as estimated by psychometric curve fitting parameters of the recalled durations, correlated inversely with within-list temporal order judgments. These findings show that changes in temporal context support event segmentation in associative memory.

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Corporate Environmentalism and the Boundaries of Sustainability

10.1093/oso/9780198706977.003.0010 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Geoffrey Jones

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

Entire Period ◽

Temporal Context ◽

Corporate Environmentalism ◽

New Markets ◽

Commercial Success ◽

Green Business ◽

History Of ◽

Green Entrepreneurship ◽

Ways Of Thinking

This chapter reviews the history of green entrepreneurship, arguing that green entrepreneurship was shaped by four different temporal contexts between the mid-nineteenth century and the present day. Although there were significant achievements over the entire period, it was only in the most recent era that green business achieved legitimacy and scale. Green entrepreneurs often had religious and ideological motivations, but they were shaped by their institutional and temporal context. They created new markets and categories through selling their ideas and products, and by imagining the meaning of sustainability. They faced hard challenges, which encouraged clustering which provided proximity advantages and higher trust levels. Combining profits and sustainability has always been difficult, and the spread of corporate environmentalism in recent decades has not helped. Although commercial success often eluded pioneers, by a willingness to think outside of traditional boxes, they have opened up new ways of thinking about sustainability.

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The Politics of Chiefs and Commoners before the 1830s

The Oxford Handbook of South African History ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190921767.013.2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Raevin Jimenez

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

South African ◽

State Level ◽

Temporal Context ◽

Political Elites ◽

African History ◽

New Wave ◽

Early Nineteenth Century ◽

Late Eighteenth ◽

Level Analysis

The field of pre-1830 South African history has been subject to periodic interrogations into conventional narratives, sources, and methods. The so-called mfecane debates of the 1980s and 1990s marked a radical departure from characterizations of warfare in the interior, generally regarded in earlier decades as stemming solely or mostly from the Zulu king Shaka. Efforts to reframe violence led to more thorough considerations of political elites and statecraft from the late eighteenth to the early nineteenth century but also contributed to new approaches to ethnicity, dependency, and to some extent gender. A new wave of historiographical critique in the 2010s shows the work of revision to be ongoing. The article considers the debates around the wars of the late precolonial period, including unresolved strands of inquiry, and argues for a move away from state-level analysis toward social histories of women and non-elites. Though it focuses on the 1760s through the 1830s, the article also presents examples highlighting the importance of recovering deeper temporal context for the South African interior.

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Coding as Literacy in Preschool: A Case Study

Education Sciences ◽

10.3390/educsci11050198 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 198

Author(s):

Ana Francisca Monteiro ◽

Maribel Miranda-Pinto ◽

António José Osório

Keyword(s):

Elementary Education ◽

Developmentally Appropriate ◽

Computational Thinking ◽

School Subject ◽

New Literacy ◽

Computational Approaches ◽

Knowledge Domains ◽

And Robotics ◽

Initial Framework

Coding is increasingly recognized as a new literacy that should be encouraged at a young age. This understanding has recontextualized computer science as a compulsory school subject and has informed several developmentally appropriate approaches to computation, including for preschool children. This study focuses on the introduction of three approaches to computation in preschool (3–6 years), specifically computational thinking, programming, and robotics, from a cross-curricular perspective. This paper presents preliminary findings from one of the case studies currently being developed as part of project KML II—Laboratory of Technologies and Learning of Programming and Robotics for Preschool and Elementary School. The purpose of the KML II project is to characterize how approaches to computation can be integrated into preschool and elementary education, across different knowledge domains. The conclusions point to “expression and communication” as an initial framework for computational approaches in preschool, but also to multidisciplinary and more creative methodological activities that offer greater scope for the development of digital and computational competences, as well as for personal and social development.

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Web design skills and competencies: an empirical analysis

Human Systems Management ◽

10.3233/hsm-2002-21203 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 115-128

Author(s):

Francesca Sgobbi

Keyword(s):

Information And Communication Technologies ◽

Web Design ◽

Communication Technologies ◽

Knowledge Domains ◽

Skill Gaps ◽

Key Factor ◽

Fast Pace ◽

Information And Communication ◽

On Line ◽

Design Skills

The availability of proper human capital represents a key-factor in order to support the current fast pace of diffusion of Internet-based applications. The careful assessment of the skills and competencies required to manage and develop Internet technologies in different application domains represents a necessary step to solve the emerging skill shortage and skill gap problems. While most existing analyses of skill needs in information and communication technologies deal with broad professional categories, the paper focuses the attention on a specific professional figure, the Web designer. By resorting to an on-line questionnaire administered to a sample of Italian Web designers, the paper shows that jobholders recognise greater usefulness to organisational rather than technical knowledge domains. However, perceived skill gaps are larger in the case of technical skills and competencies. Moreover, specialisation paths are emerging.

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