Effects and functions of television: Children and adolescents. A bibliography of selected research literature 1970--1978. Communication research and broadcasting No. 2.

1979 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 727-727
Author(s):  
No authorship indicated
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Communication Research

scholarly journals Identifying intentional injuries among children and adolescents based on Machine Learning

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0245437
Author(s):  
Xiling Yin ◽  
Dan Ma ◽  
Kejing Zhu ◽  
Deyun Li
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Intentional Injuries ◽  
Discrimination Model ◽  
Comprehensive Comparison ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Stability And Consistency ◽  
Chinese Children And Adolescents

Background Compared to other studies, the injury monitoring of Chinese children and adolescents has captured a low level of intentional injuries on account of self-harm/suicide and violent attacks. Intentional injuries in children and adolescents have not been apparent from the data. It is possible that there has been a misclassification of existing intentional injuries, and there is a lack of research literature on the misclassification of intentional injuries. This study aimed to discuss the feasibility of discriminating the intention of injury based on Machine Learning (ML) modelling and provided ideas for understanding whether there was a misclassification of intentional injuries. Methods Information entropy was used to determine the correlation between variables and the intention of injury, and Naive Bayes (NB), Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), Adaboost algorithms and Deep Neural Networks (DNN) were used to create an intention of injury discrimination model. The models were compared by comprehensively testing the discrimination effect to determine stability and consistency. Results For the area under the ROC curve with different intentions of injuries, the NB model was 0.891, 0.880, and 0.897, respectively; the DT model was 0.870, 0.803, and 0.871, respectively; the RF model was 0.850, 0.809, and 0.845, respectively; the Adaboost model was 0.914, 0.846, and 0.914, respectively; the DNN model was 0.927, 0.835, and 0.934, respectively. In a comprehensive comparison of the five models, DNN and Adaboost models had higher values for the determination of the intention of injury. A discrimination of cases with unclear intentions of injury showed that on average, unintentional injuries, violent attacks, and self-harm/suicides accounted for 86.57%, 6.81%, and 6.62%, respectively. Conclusion It was feasible to use the ML algorithm to determine the injury intention of children and adolescents. The research suggested that the DNN and Adaboost models had higher values for the determination of the intention of injury. This study could build a foundation for transforming the model into a tool for rapid diagnosis and excavating potential intentional injuries of children and adolescents by widely collecting the influencing factors, extracting the influence variables characteristically, reducing the complexity and improving the performance of the models in the future.

Motivation for Physical Activity Among Children and Adolescents

1998 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
NOLA J. PENDER
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Physical Activity Counseling ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Active Lifestyles

Assisting children and adolescents in adopting physically active lifestyles is an integral part of the health education and health promotion services provided by nurses in school, family, community, and primary care settings. In order to effectively engage in physical activity counseling, the determinants of physical activity must he understood and integrated into effective interventions for youths. This review of research literature includes a critique of intervention studies aimed at helping children and adolescents adopt active lifestyles that will be sustained throughout life. Social cognitive theory provided the theoretical basis for most of the studies reviewed but specification of how theory concepts were operationalized in the interventions was often unclear. Suggestions for increasing the rigor of theoretically based intervention studies aimed at promoting physical activity are proposed. Models and variables are identified that need further testing to determine their relevance to the promotion of physical activity during childhood and adolescence.

scholarly journals The Understanding of Peak Oxygen Uptake in Children Aged 8–16

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simpson W. L. Wong ◽  
Clare C. W. Yu ◽  
Albert M. Li
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Literacy Education ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Accuracy Rate ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Early Introduction ◽  
Age Related

Objective: To examine the understanding of the concept peak oxygen uptake (peak VO2) among children and adolescents at different ages from a developmental perspective.Methods: A total of 549 children and adolescents aged 8 to 16 were recruited and instructed to fill in a 20-item Peak VO2Understanding Inventory developed with reference to the research literature on peak VO2. We presented the participants with twenty scenarios and asked them to indicate whether peak VO2 would “remain unchanged,” “increase,” or “decrease,” or that there was “insufficient information for a definite answer.” The cross-sectional data was analyzed by employing a series of ANOVA analyses and chi-square association tests. Additional statistical analyses were performed to examine the error patterns and if there were gender differences.Results: Except for the 8-year-old group, the overall accuracy rate did not improve with age. Age-related differences in the choice of answers (“increase,” “decrease,” “unchanged,” and “uncertain”) for determining the resulting peak VO2 after a change of antecedent were observed. Error analysis by item showed that prefactual thinking that is important to understand the concept was emerging rather than fully developed in our child and adolescent samples.Conclusion: The mastery of peak VO2 is not subject to age-related maturation but might demand the acquisition of specific logical reasoning skill such as perfactual thinking. Early introduction of peak VO2 and related concepts is advocated and should be emphasized on the reasoning rather than providing model answers in physical literacy education.

Prädiktive und präsymptomatische Diagnostik spätmanifestierender Erkrankungen

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Opper ◽  
Heiner Fangerau ◽  
Florian Braune ◽  
Ulrich M. Gassner
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
Human Genetics ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Predictive Diagnostics ◽  
Medical Tests ◽  
Content Analyses ◽  
Near Future

During recent years, prediction has reached ever wider areas of medicine. This development includes the prenatal, predictive and pre-symptomatic diagnosing of diseases which manifest themselves later in life. Since a cure for a number of the diseases in question is currently not available and cannot be expected in the near future, the problem arises of how to deal with the expected findings of such diagnoses appropriately. Both in clinical application and in research, the question occurs of how to adequately address the expectations of patients and their families with regard to prognostics. In particular, predictive and pre-symptomatic diagnostics in children and adolescents poses challenges because children’s ability to consent to medical tests is even more difficult to assess than adults’. This volume offers an analysis and recommendations regarding predictive diagnostics for late onset diseases in children. Its recommendations are the result of a project funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. In addition to content analyses of existing research literature, they are based on interviews with individuals who sought or wanted genetic counselling and on interviews with physicians who are experts in human genetics.

Analyzing the Potential Benefit of Microcomputer Use for Teaching Figurative Language

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn A. Nippold ◽  
Ilsa E. Schwarz ◽  
Molly Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Standardized Tests ◽  
Figurative Language ◽  
Language Intervention ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Educational Materials ◽  
Language Learning Disabilities ◽  
Promising Application ◽  
Experience Difficulty

Microcomputers offer the potential for increasing the effectiveness of language intervention for school-age children and adolescents who have language-learning disabilities. One promising application is in the treatment of students who experience difficulty comprehending figurative expressions, an aspect of language that occurs frequently in both spoken and written contexts. Although software is available to teach figurative language to children and adolescents, it is our feeling that improvements are needed in the existing programs. Software should be reviewed carefully before it is used with students, just as standardized tests and other clinical and educational materials are routinely scrutinized before use. In this article, four microcomputer programs are described and evaluated. Suggestions are then offered for the development of new types of software to teach figurative language.

What Have We Learned From Physiological Approaches to Characterizing Dysarthria and Other Speech Production Disorders?

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Nicole M. Etter
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Physiological Measures ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Assessment Measures ◽  
Perceptual Assessment ◽  
Perceptual Characteristics ◽  
Diagnostic Resolution

Traditionally, speech-language pathologists (SLP) have been trained to develop interventions based on a select number of perceptual characteristics of speech without or through minimal use of objective instrumental and physiologic assessment measures of the underlying articulatory subsystems. While indirect physiological assumptions can be made from perceptual assessment measures, the validity and reliability of those assumptions are tenuous at best. Considering that neurological damage will result in various degrees of aberrant speech physiology, the need for physiologic assessments appears highly warranted. In this context, do existing physiological measures found in the research literature have sufficient diagnostic resolution to provide distinct and differential data within and between etiological classifications of speech disorders and versus healthy controls? The goals of this paper are (a) to describe various physiological and movement-related techniques available to objectively study various dysarthrias and speech production disorders and (b) to develop an appreciation for the need for increased systematic research to better define physiologic features of dysarthria and speech production disorders and their relation to know perceptual characteristics.

Re-examination of incisal tooth wear in children and adolescents

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 405-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. SILNESS ◽  
M. BERGE ◽  
G JOHANNESSEN
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Tooth Wear
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