Reply to reviews of Human Facial Expression: An Evolutionary View

1996 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 1153-1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan J. Fridlund
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expression ◽  
Evolutionary View ◽  
Human Facial Expression

scholarly journals A Novel Maximum Entropy Markov Model for Human Facial Expression Recognition

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. e0162702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hameed Siddiqi ◽  
Md. Golam Rabiul Alam ◽  
Choong Seon Hong ◽  
Adil Mehmood Khan ◽  
Hyunseung Choo
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expression ◽  
Markov Model ◽  
Maximum Entropy ◽  
Facial Expression Recognition ◽  
Expression Recognition ◽  
Human Facial Expression

Neural Substrates of Human Facial Expression of Pleasant Emotion Induced by Comic Films: A PET Study

NeuroImage ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 758-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masao Iwase ◽  
Yasuomi Ouchi ◽  
Hiroyuki Okada ◽  
Chihiro Yokoyama ◽  
Shuji Nobezawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expression ◽  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Human Facial Expression

Neurology of Human Facial Expression

2003 ◽  
pp. 63-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Warren ◽  
Philip Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expression ◽  
Human Facial Expression

Somatic Semiotics: Emotion and the Human Face in the Sagas andÞættirof Icelanders

Traditio ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 125-145
Author(s):  
Kirsten Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expression ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Internal State ◽  
Old Norse ◽  
Human Face ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Mixed Emotions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Point Of Departure ◽  
Human Facial Expression

The human face has the capacity to generate expressions associated with a wide range of affective states. Despite the fact that there are few words to describe human facial behaviors, the facial muscles allow for more than a thousand different facial appearances. Some examples of feelings that can be expressed are anger, concentration, contempt, excitement, nervousness, and surprise. Regardless of culture or language, the same expressions are associated with the same emotions and vary only in intensity. Using modern psychological analyses as a point of departure, this essay examines descriptions of human facial expressions as well as such bodily “symptoms” as flushing, turning pale, and weeping in Old Norse-Icelandic literature. The aim is to analyze the manner in which facial signs are used as a means of non-verbal communication to convey the impression of an individual's internal state to observers. More specifically, this essay seeks to determine when and why characters in these works are described as expressing particular facial emotions and, especially, the range of emotions expressed. The Sagas andþættirof Icelanders are in the forefront of the analysis and yield well over one hundred references to human facial expression and color. The examples show that through gaze, smiling, weeping, brows that are raised or knitted, and coloration, the Sagas andþættirof Icelanders tell of happiness or amusement, pleasant and unpleasant surprise, fear, anger, rage, sadness, interest, concern, and even mixed emotions for which language has no words. The Sagas andþættirof Icelanders may be reticent in talking about emotions and poor in emotional vocabulary, but this poverty is compensated for by making facial expressions signifiers of emotion. This essay makes clear that the works are less emotionally barren than often supposed. It also shows that our understanding of Old Norse-Icelandic “somatic semiotics” may well depend on the universality of facial expressions and that culture-specific “display rules” or “elicitors” are virtually nonexistent.

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