Mental Disorders and Criminal Violence: Selected Research Findings

1995 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-265
Author(s):  
Patricia B. Sutker
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Criminal Violence ◽  
Research Findings

scholarly journals Educational program “Communication in the Treatment Process” – description, goals, and theoretical background

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-140
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Wieczorek ◽  
◽  
Agnieszka Fusińska-Korpik ◽  
Łukasz Cichocki ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Patient Centered Medicine ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Medical Recommendations

Effective medical communication is an extremely important aspect of patient-centered medicine. It allows for achieving better treatment outcomes and is of key importance in the case of patients experiencing mental problems. Research clearly indicates that the quality of communication is a fundamental element of medical services, which not only affects patient satisfaction, but can also reduce the risk of burnout among staff who have contact with patients. A sense of mutual understanding translates into trust and contributes to more conscientious adherence to medical recommendations. Considering the cooperation of all medical and non-medical personnel, high-quality communication reduces the risk of tensions and conflicts, as well as the number of complaints reported by patients. Both research findings and our own experience show that individuals with mental disorders often feel misunderstood, stigmatised, or ignored by healthcare personnel. Based on the above assumptions, the experts from Józef Babiński Specialist Hospital in Kraków developed their own program entitled “Communication in the Treatment Process.” It was implemented in 2018 by the Ministry of Health among over 2,500 professionals in the Małopolskie and Podkarpackie provinces. The aim of the project was to improve the communication skills of medical and non-medical personnel in the context of communication with patients with mental disorders. The paper describes in detail the theoretical background, the goals, and the course of the program.

scholarly journals Major Mental Disorders and Criminal Violence in a Danish Birth Cohort

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia A. Brennan ◽  
Sarnoff A. Mednick ◽  
Sheilagh Hodgins
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Criminal Violence

Lone Actor Terrorism

2021 ◽  
pp. 257-267
Author(s):  
Paul Gill
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Main Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Online Forms ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter outlines the main research findings in relation to lone actor terrorism from the past decade of work. The results are clustered across seven core themes. The authors explore (1) the heterogeneity of lone actors in terms of their sociodemographic characteristics; (2) the degree to which people within the lone actor’s social or physical space were aware of a plot developing; (3) the prevalence and forms of mental disorders within lone actor samples and how they differ from what you would expect in the general population; (4) the relationship between offline and online forms of radicalization; (5) their similarity with other forms of violent lone offenders who conduct violence in public spaces; (6) what attack planning looks like; and (7) the key role protective factors might play.

Making the Case

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-56
Author(s):  
Richard McCarty
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Psychiatric Genetics ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Individual Genome ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Research Findings

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have revolutionized the field of psychiatric genetics by examining genetic variation at millions of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in many thousands of individual genome using microarrays. The sample sizes for these studies range from tens of thousands on up. Results to date from GWAS have called into question the validity of current diagnostic categories in psychiatry. For example, there may be some level of genetic risk that is shared across many psychiatric disorders, with the final symptom clusters of a given disorder being shaped by other genetic, epigenetic, and environmental variables. Research findings on three mental disorders are evaluated to make the case that stressful life events play a crucial role in the etiology of mental disorders. The mental disorders discussed include schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depression. These findings set the stage for the remainder of the book.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in People with Intellectual Disability

2020 ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
Kiriakos Xenitidis ◽  
Shazia Zahid ◽  
Caryl Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Important Task ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Research Findings

People with intellectual disability (ID) are more susceptible to mental disorders including mental illness and developmental disorders, such as autism and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The identification of comorbidities is an important task for the clinician as, in addition to clarifying the diagnosis, it carries implications for the treatment and prognosis. This chapter aims to explore the association between ID and ADHD and review the key research findings. The validity of the diagnosis of ADHD in ID is considered. The assessment issues relating to the diagnosis of ADHD in this population are discussed. The questions around treatment and management are summarized and, finally, the clinical implications are highlighted.

HIV-Associated Dementia: A Clinician's Guide to Early Detection, Diagnosis, and Intervention

1994 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 333-345
Author(s):  
Stephan L. Buckingham ◽  
Wilfred G. Van Gorp
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Mental Health Treatment ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Health Treatment ◽  
Treatment Services ◽  
Organic Mental Disorders ◽  
Research Findings

HIV-associated dementia is the most common neuropsychiatric problem found among persons infected with HIV. The authors review the research findings on HIV-associated dementia and discuss the pattern of cognitive changes characteristic of this disorder. An overview of the various organic mental disorders found in HIV-infected individuals and how they can be detected and differentiated from other neuropsychiatric illnesses, specifically HIV-associated dementia, is provided. This article provides the clinician with information necessary to detect HIV-associated dementia early, make a correct differential diagnosis, and provide the most effective mental health treatment services for this patient population.

scholarly journals Music therapy in the treatment and management of mental disorders

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Music Therapy ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Health Service Provision ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Mental Health Service Provision ◽  
Therapy Studies ◽  
Therapy Intervention

AbstractObjectives: An increasing number of research studies support the benefits of providing music therapy in addition to standard treatment for people who have mental disorders. The objective of this paper was to review and summarise recent research findings in relation to this work.Method: A review of music therapy studies published since 1994 was undertaken. Criteria for including papers were that they a) were published in English in an indexed, peer-reviewed journal, and b) were conducted as a randomised controlled trial (RCT) or a controlled trial (CT), or c) provided a meta-analysis of existing studies. The large number of papers pertaining to music therapy for older adults who have mental disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and other types of dementia was not included.Results: The findings support a role for music therapy as a structured interaction that patients are able to use to participate successfully, manage some of their symptoms, and express feelings relating to their experiences. Music therapy is demonstrated to be a beneficial intervention for people who have enduring mental illness. Music therapy invites and encourages participation from people of lower functioning levels and employs a non-verbal medium with which people have prior positive associations and in most cases have lifelong experience of using music for self-expression and pleasure. Additionally, the available peer reviewed literature supports the proposition that clinical outcomes are available through the use of music therapy intervention in conjunction with standard, well-established treatment methods.Conclusions: Music therapy is beneficial for patients receiving care for mental disorders and establishing this therapy within mental health service provision should be considered.

scholarly journals The The Effect of Mental Disturbance Knowledge and Work Motivation on the Perception of Family Social Support and its Impact on the Performance of the Mental Health Cadres

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
Wahyu Sriharini ◽  
Nurdina Nurdina
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Work Motivation ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Family Social Support ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Low Performance ◽  
Measure Of Performance

Monitoring and evaluation survey data for the last three years shows  motivation, perceptions of family social support and knowledge of mental disorders by Mental Health Cadres (MHCs) are still lacking . This will have an impact on the low performance of the MHCs duties. This study aims to analyze the effect of knowledge of mental disorders, work motivation and perceptions of social support from the family of People With Mental Disorders (PWMD) on the performance of MHCs, as well as mediating perceptions of social support for PWMD families on the influence of knowledge of mental disorders and work motivation on performance of MHC. The research subjects were 202 MHCs in Jombang Regency. Researcher developed the self-reports to measure of performance, work motivation and perceptions of family social support, as well as a mental disorder knowledge test. Research variable data were analyzed by path regression analysis. The results of the analysis show that knowledge of mental disorders, work motivation and perceptions of social support for PWMD families have a positive effect on performance of MHCs; The perception of social support from PWMD families does not mediate the effect of knowledge of mental disorders and work motivation on performance of MHCs. The research findings will be discussed in the context of the MHCs.

Urbanization and mental health

2019 ◽  
pp. 83-95
Author(s):  
Mauro G. Carta ◽  
Dinesh Bhugra
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Global Mental Health ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Collaborative Approach ◽  
Urban Populations ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Over Time

Growth of the urban population worldwide is a critical issue for global mental health. Urban populations are exposed to several factors that may play a role in the modification of the profile of mental health risks. These factors are interlinked and their effects are cumulative. Synthesis of some of the research findings related to urbanization and increased psychopathological risks is presented. Studies have found associations of social and environmental determinats linked to living in cities and high rates of schizophrenia and other mental disorders. Given the hectic, haphazard, and rapid processes of global urbanization robust research and prospective approaches are needed to explore and clarify the causal links so far highlighted and the interactions between environmental and genetic factors. Urban rehabilitation interventions need to be studied over time in the wake of the welfare of populations, and should take a multidisciplinary collaborative approach.

scholarly journals Parental Assessment of Safe Behaviour in Children of Primary School, Adolescent and Young Age

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-71
Author(s):  
L.F. Fatikhova ◽  
E.F. Sayfutdiyarova
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Semantic Differential ◽  
Differential Method ◽  
Young Age ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Mentally Disabled ◽  
Parental Assessment ◽  
Research Findings

The article deals with the issue of studying safety behaviour in psychology from the point of view of factors that influence this phenomenon. It presents results of a research aimed at understanding how parents assess safe behaviour of their children with and without mental disorders depending on the child’s age. Our hypothesis was that parental assessments of their children’s personality traits associated with safe behaviours would differ according to the children’s age (primary school, adolescent and young age) and mental abilities. The study involved 204 subjects: 136 parents of children without mental disorders (128 females and 8 males) and 68 parents of children with mental disorders (58 females and 10 males).We used the semantic differential method: the parents were asked to assess their children’s personal qualities associated with safe behaviour. The semantic differential was formed with two-pole scales of antonymous adjectives that described personality traits in terms of safe behavior. The adjectives were divided into groups based on three assessment factors: Assessment, Strength, and Activity. The research findings allow us to assume that the age factor has no influence on the manifestation of personal features related to safe behaviour. Yet, mental disorders affect their formation in every assessment factor: Assessment (p≤0,001), Strength (p≤0,01), Activity (p≤0,001).The findings can be useful in creating programmes aimed at developing safe lifestyle both in healthy and mentally disabled children and adolescents.

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