Evolutionary Violence, Cultural Violence, or Both

1996 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 1119-1119
Author(s):  
Charles E. Kimble
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Violence

Violencia en la formación médica

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-55
Author(s):  
Héctor García Hernández ◽  
Guadalupe Alvear Galindo
Keyword(s):  
Medical Practice ◽  
Medical Training ◽  
Structural Violence ◽  
Medical Model ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Medical Culture ◽  
Cultural Violence ◽  
Direct Violence ◽  
Health Institutions ◽  
And Function

The purpose of this work is to provide elements to understand, in a broad way, the violence within medical training, since most of the work on the subject focuses on its consequences: for example, the physical and psychological conditions of violent acts in the medical training. The article begins with the concept of violence proposed by Galtung, that points out direct violence, structural violence and cultural violence. Then, it describes the hegemonic medical model as a sculptor of medical culture and its effect on medical practice and medical education. Afterwards, it describes the medical habitus and the hidden curriculum, two elements of the medical culture. The first one refers to how the medical personnel justifies the use of violence, the second one refers to what is taught about the structure, organization and function of the health institutions. Then, the article reviews the characteristics of the health institutions as spaces where an organized medical practice is crystallized in a rigid, hierarchical and vertical manner. We then focus on the worker/student conflict. These conditions are necessary for the appearance of direct violence in the medical training. Key words: Cultural violence; structural violence; direct violence; medical training; hegemonic medical model.

Peace Psychology

2021 ◽  
pp. 216-230
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Christie
Keyword(s):  
Structural Violence ◽  
Need Satisfaction ◽  
Psychology Research ◽  
Human Relations ◽  
Nuclear War ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Cultural Violence ◽  
Human Need ◽  
Peace Psychology ◽  
Second Wave

Peace psychology seeks to apply psychosocial principles to prevent and mitigate direct, structural, and cultural violence and promote harmony and equity in human relations. Two waves of peace psychology research and practice can be delineated. The first wave generated concepts, themes, and perspectives aimed at the prevention of nuclear war and mitigation of intractable conflicts characterized by repeated cycles of violence. The second wave enlarged the scope of peace psychology to include the amelioration of structural violence, the kind of violence that afflicts most of the world’s population and kills people slowly through the deprivation of life-extending human need satisfaction. The most recent iteration of the second wave addresses the cultural violence visited upon formerly colonized countries and calls for the development of theory and praxis informed by emancipatory methodologies.

Strengthening the Norms of Global Responsibility: Structural Violence in Relation to Internal Displacement and Statelessness

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey N. Kingston ◽  
Saheli Datta
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Structural Violence ◽  
International Community ◽  
Internal Displacement ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Global Responsibility ◽  
Cultural Violence ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Large Populations

Norms of global responsibility have changed significantly since the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), and today’s international community critically considers responsibilities within and beyond state borders, as evidenced by the adoption of the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) doctrine. From this starting point, protection must be extended to large populations susceptible to structural violence – social harms resulting from the pervasive and persistent impact of economic, political and cultural violence in societies. In order to show the potential of expanded conceptions of global responsibility, this article proceeds as follows: First, a discussion of the evolving concepts of responsibility outlines a shift in thinking about sovereignty that creates a multilayered system of responsibility. This section defines key concepts and highlights an ‘unbundled R2P’ framework for approaching structural violence. Second, an overview of two vulnerable populations – internally displaced persons (IDPs) and the stateless – illustrates that large-scale cases of state abuse and neglect are not limited to acts of physical violence, and that pervasive structural violence requires further attention from the international community. Lastly, recommendations are provided for expanding the scope of global responsibility in order to assist the internally displaced and the stateless. These recommendations address who is responsible, when global responsibility is warranted, and how such responsibility should be implemented.

scholarly journals Plant Life and More-than-human Agency in Zainab Amadahy’s Resistance

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 79-91
Author(s):  
Paula Wieczorek
Keyword(s):  
Human Agency ◽  
Speculative Fiction ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Bruno Latour ◽  
Donna Haraway ◽  
Cultural Violence ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Plant Life ◽  
As If

For centuries humans have acted as if the environment was passive and as if the agency was related only to human beings. Both Indigenous and non-Indigenous writers, scholars, and artists express the need to narrate tales about the multitudes of the living earth, which can help perceive the Earth as vibrant and living. The following paper discusses Black/Cherokee Zainab Amadahy’s speculative fiction novel 2013 Resistance as an example of a story resisting the claim about human beings as the ultimate species. The paper initially scrutinizes the phenomena of “plant blindness” and then explores how Zainab Amadahy illustrates plant life in her book. Unlike in traditional literary depictions of botany, the writer presents tobacco as an active and responsive agent that influences the characters, which, consequently, opposes anthropocentrism. The article also addresses the cultural violence and disregard that has dominated the Western perception of animistic cultures and expresses the need to rethink the theory of animism. This paper draws from posthumanist writings by scholars including Donna Haraway, Bruno Latour, Jane Bennett, and Stacy Alaimo. It also refers to some of the most influential contributions to critical plant studies made by Indigenous thinkers such as Robin Wall Kimmerer’ s Braiding Sweetgrass (2013).

scholarly journals Perempuan Nyurlembang Dalam Tradisi Merarik

Simulacra ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Titi Fitrianita ◽  
Siti Kholifah ◽  
Rabiatul Adawiyah
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Violence ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
In The Beginning

<em>Merarik is a tradition which has been maintained by Sasak since a long time. In the beginning, this tradition was an effort to save women from immorality of Anak Agung Made Karangasem, the king of Lombok. But the aim of this tradition started to change. This paper tries to analyze the change of merarik in Nyurlembang Village, Narmada, West Lombok. Using qualitative descriptive and feminist approach, this paper found that merarik causes cultural violence for women. In the middle of the merarik problem, proposal becomes a better alternative for women, but proposal not fully received because it is not their own culture.</em>

Cultural Violence and Twentieth Century Progress

1971 ◽  
Vol os-18 (4) ◽  
pp. 146-155
Author(s):  
Joe Wittmer
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
School Officials ◽  
The Public ◽  
Cultural Violence ◽  
Agricultural Community ◽  
Majority Culture ◽  
Religious Convictions ◽  
Farm Life ◽  
Strong Contrast

The Amish are a traditional agricultural community perpetuating a distinctive way of life in strong contrast with the surrounding majority culture. This distinctiveness is based on strong religious convictions. The Amish believe in education, but not in that dispensed by the public schools, because it unfits youth for farm life. In a number of communities public school officials have attempted coercion to make Amish children attend, but with no success. Persecution and harassments are also intense in war time because the Amish are pacifists. Rather than yield to the pressures, an increasing number of Amish are emigrating to more hospitable countries.

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