Culturally competent assessment and treatment for children and adolescents.

PsycCRITIQUES ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa A. Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Culturally Competent ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Competent Assessment

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven W. Evans ◽  
Julie S. Owens ◽  
W. John Monopoli ◽  
Kari Benson
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Effective Assessment

Youth with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder experience impairment across multiple domains of functioning, with the characteristics changing with age. Thus, assessment and treatment must be appropriate for the home and school and relevant to the child’s developmental level. This chapter reviews effective assessment strategies for use with children and adolescents. Psychosocial treatments for children and adolescents are discussed separately, as the approaches with each group differ substantially. For children, strategies with a strong evidence base are described, and innovations and treatment modifications that have been examined recently are showcased. For adolescents, the results of the few randomized clinical trials conducted with this population are reviewed. A theoretical model for how to sequence treatments (i.e., intervention, medication, accommodations) for youth is referenced, and two case studies highlight this model, as well some of the new findings described in this chapter. Implications and recommendations for future research and practice are provided.

scholarly journals Neurodevelopmental Trajectories and Clinical Profiles in a Sample of Children and Adolescents With Early- and Very-Early-Onset Schizophrenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Pontillo ◽  
Roberto Averna ◽  
Maria Cristina Tata ◽  
Fabrizia Chieppa ◽  
Maria Laura Pucciarini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Communication Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Early Onset Schizophrenia ◽  
Assessment And Treatment

Schizophrenia before the age of 18 years is usually divided into two categories. Early-onset schizophrenia (EOS) presents between the ages of 13 and 17 years, whereas very-early-onset schizophrenia (VEOS) presents at or before the age of 12 years. Previous studies have found that neurodevelopmental difficulties in social, motor, and linguistic domains are commonly observed in VEOS/EOS patients. Recent research has also shown a high prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders (e.g., intellectual disability, communication disorders, autism spectrum disorder, neurodevelopmental motor disorders) in VEOS/EOS patients, indicating genetic overlap between these conditions. These findings lend support to the neurodevelopmental continuum model, which holds that childhood neurodevelopmental disorders and difficulties and psychiatric disorders (e.g., schizophrenia) fall on an etiological and neurodevelopmental continuum, and should not be considered discrete entities. Based on this literature, in this study we focused on the overlap between neurodevelopmental disorders and schizophrenia investigating, in a large sample (N = 230) of VEOS/EOS children and adolescents, the clinical differences, at the onset of psychosis, between VEOS/EOS with neurodevelopmental disorder or neurodevelopmental difficulties and VEOS/EOS with no diagnosed neurodevelopmental disorder or neurodevelopmental difficulties. The findings showed that, in children and adolescents with a neurodevelopmental disorder or neurodevelopmental difficulties, psychosis onset occurred at an earlier age, was associated with more severe functional impairment (e.g., global, social, role), and was characterized by positive symptoms (e.g., grandiose ideas, perceptual abnormalities, disorganized communication) and disorganized symptoms (e.g., odd behavior or appearance, bizarre thinking). Instead, in children and adolescents without a neurodevelopmental disorder or neurodevelopmental difficulties, psychosis onset was mainly characterized by negative symptomatology (e.g., social anhedonia, avolition, expression of emotion, experience of emotions and self, ideational richness). Given these differences, the presence of a neurodevelopmental disorder or neurodevelopmental difficulties should be carefully investigated and integrated early into the assessment and treatment plan for VEOS/EOS patients.

Obsessive–compulsive disorder and tics in children and adolescents

2012 ◽  
pp. 1680-1693
Author(s):  
Martine F. Flament ◽  
Philippe Robaey
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Tic Disorders ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Ongoing Relationship

Paediatric OCD is the disorder, in child psychiatry, whose clinical picture most closely resembles its adult counterpart. Despite a relative diversity, the symptom pool is remarkably finite, and very similar to that seen in older individuals. Prevalence, comorbidity, and response to behavioural and drug treatment also appear similar across the lifespan. For tic disorders, there is continuity between child and adult presentations, but the disease is much more prone to resolve spontaneously, or to be less disruptive in adulthood. Both OCD and tics occur more often in males than in females, and are likely to be linked to an array of neurobiological abnormalities, many of which remain to be understood. Invaluable benefits can now be obtained from available behavioural and pharmacological treatments, but complete remission remains uncertain and long-term management may be required. Thus, the treatment of OCD and tics in children and adolescents remains a clinical challenge. It requires careful assessment of the targeted symptoms and, in many cases, comorbidity; attention to the quality of the child's functioning at home and with peers; use of specific CBT interventions, which are not readily available (or accessible) in all communities; patience and caution in the choice and adjustment of medication; and vigilance in watching potential side effects. Given the possible chronicity of OCD and/or tic disorders, and their changing patterns in severity and impact over the childhood and adolescent years, optimal treatment generally requires a long-term ongoing relationship with the child and family. Current conceptualizations of OCD and tic disorders have been shaped by advances in systems neuroscience and functional in vivo neuroimaging. Continued success in these areas should lead to the targetting of specific brain circuits for more intensive research. This should include testing novel pharmacological agents, tracking treatment response using neuroimaging techniques, and possibly investigating circuit-based therapies using deep-brain stimulation for refractory cases. The identification of the PANDAS subgroup of patients, with an abrupt onset and dramatic exacerbations, certainly brings new insights into the pathophysiology of OCD and tic disorders, and may lead to new assessment and treatment strategies. The increasing evidence for susceptibility genes in OCD and tic disorders will also doubtless point to new therapeutic directions. Furthermore, it is likely that many of the empirical findings used in research on paediatric OCD and tic disorders will be relevant to a better understanding of both normal development, and other disorders of childhood onset.

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