Review of Psychological Experiments in Consumer Behavior.

ROBERT C. NUCKOLS

doi:10.1037/0011201

Review of Psychological Experiments in Consumer Behavior.

Contemporary Psychology ◽

10.1037/0011201 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 16 (11) ◽

pp. 738-738

Author(s):

ROBERT C. NUCKOLS

Keyword(s):

Consumer Behavior ◽

Psychological Experiments

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Book Review: Psychological Experiments in Consumer Behavior

Journal of Marketing ◽

10.1177/002224297103500417 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 105-105

Author(s):

Guy G. Gordon ◽

Marshall G. Greenberg

Keyword(s):

Consumer Behavior ◽

Psychological Experiments

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Psychological Experiments in Consumer Behavior

Journal of Marketing ◽

10.2307/1250465 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 105

Author(s):

Marshall G. Greenberg ◽

Steuart Henderson Britt

Keyword(s):

Consumer Behavior ◽

Psychological Experiments

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Do Writing Directions Influence How People Map Space onto Time?

Swiss Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1024/1421-0185/a000215 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 77 (4) ◽

pp. 173-184

Author(s):

Wenxing Yang ◽

Ying Sun

Keyword(s):

Mental Representations ◽

Space Time ◽

Horizontal Axis ◽

Causal Role ◽

Writing Systems ◽

Temporal Cognition ◽

Japanese Speakers ◽

Psychological Experiments ◽

Vertical Up

Abstract. The causal role of a unidirectional orthography in shaping speakers’ mental representations of time seems to be well established by many psychological experiments. However, the question of whether bidirectional writing systems in some languages can also produce such an impact on temporal cognition remains unresolved. To address this issue, the present study focused on Japanese and Taiwanese, both of which have a similar mix of texts written horizontally from left to right (HLR) and vertically from top to bottom (VTB). Two experiments were performed which recruited Japanese and Taiwanese speakers as participants. Experiment 1 used an explicit temporal arrangement design, and Experiment 2 measured implicit space-time associations in participants along the horizontal (left/right) and the vertical (up/down) axis. Converging evidence gathered from the two experiments demonstrate that neither Japanese speakers nor Taiwanese speakers aligned their vertical representations of time with the VTB writing orientation. Along the horizontal axis, only Japanese speakers encoded elapsing time into a left-to-right linear layout, which was commensurate with the HLR writing direction. Therefore, two distinct writing orientations of a language could not bring about two coexisting mental time lines. Possible theoretical implications underlying the findings are discussed.

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