The role of animal laboratory research in psychopharmacology.

2019 ◽  
pp. 61-86
Author(s):  
Susan Schenk ◽  
Maree Hunt ◽  
Anne Macaskill ◽  
Michaela Pettie
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Research

The Role of Distress Disclosure Tendencies in the Experience and Expression of Laboratory-Induced Sadness

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey H. Kahn ◽  
Daniel W. Cox ◽  
A. Myfanwy Bakker ◽  
Julia I. O’Loughlin ◽  
Agnieszka M. Kotlarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Emotion Words ◽  
Distress Disclosure ◽  
Computerized Text Analysis

Abstract. The benefits of talking with others about unpleasant emotions have been thoroughly investigated, but individual differences in distress disclosure tendencies have not been adequately integrated within theoretical models of emotion. The purpose of this laboratory research was to determine whether distress disclosure tendencies stem from differences in emotional reactivity or differences in emotion regulation. After completing measures of distress disclosure tendencies, social desirability, and positive and negative affect, 84 participants (74% women) were video recorded while viewing a sadness-inducing film clip. Participants completed post-film measures of affect and were then interviewed about their reactions to the film; these interviews were audio recorded for later coding and computerized text analysis. Distress disclosure tendencies were not predictive of the subjective experience of emotion, but they were positively related to facial expressions of sadness and happiness. Distress disclosure tendencies also predicted judges’ ratings of the verbal disclosure of emotion during the interview, but self-reported disclosure and use of positive and negative emotion words were not associated with distress disclosure tendencies. The authors present implications of this research for integrating individual differences in distress disclosure with models of emotion.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Distributed Streamflow Forecast Model at Multiple Watershed Scales

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1279
Author(s):  
Tyler Madsen ◽  
Kristie Franz ◽  
Terri Hogue
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Forecast Model ◽  
Hydrologic Model ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Distributed Hydrologic Model ◽  
Verification Period ◽  
Silver Spring

Demand for reliable estimates of streamflow has increased as society becomes more susceptible to climatic extremes such as droughts and flooding, especially at small scales where local population centers and infrastructure can be affected by rapidly occurring events. In the current study, the Hydrology Laboratory-Research Distributed Hydrologic Model (HL-RDHM) (NOAA/NWS, Silver Spring, MD, USA) was used to explore the accuracy of a distributed hydrologic model to simulate discharge at watershed scales ranging from 20 to 2500 km2. The model was calibrated and validated using observed discharge data at the basin outlets, and discharge at uncalibrated subbasin locations was evaluated. Two precipitation products with nominal spatial resolutions of 12.5 km and 4 km were tested to characterize the role of input resolution on the discharge simulations. In general, model performance decreased as basin size decreased. When sub-basin area was less than 250 km2 or 20–40% of the total watershed area, model performance dropped below the defined acceptable levels. Simulations forced with the lower resolution precipitation product had better model evaluation statistics; for example, the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) scores ranged from 0.50 to 0.67 for the verification period for basin outlets, compared to scores that ranged from 0.33 to 0.52 for the higher spatial resolution forcing.

scholarly journals The Formation of the Ability to Combine Various Technological Methods of Laboratory Research of Future Laboratory Assistants

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-51
Author(s):  
Viacheslav Stepanenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Medical Diagnostics ◽  
The Body ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Research Techniques ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Technological Methods ◽  
Special Competence

The article defines the main components of the formation of the ability to combine various technological methods of laboratory research as a special competence that has to be mastered by students of the speciality “Technologies of Medical Diagnostics and Treatment” in the process of training. The combination is presented as the implementation of an action or a series of actions aimed at transforming the existing set of objects into a system that meets the requirements of the task. Its scientific and theoretical, and practical blocks are revealed. It is noted that the scientific and theoretical block of combination consists of scientific approaches and principles, complex combined research methods, and the practical block embraces various methods, techniques and laboratory research technologies. Attention is drawn to the fact that in the process of training of future laboratory assistants it is important to form their understanding that when diagnosing certain diseases of the body one cannot be limited to only one method, but it is necessary to combine various methods and research techniques. The role of synchronous and asynchronous forms of organization of training in the formation of the ability of students of the speciality “Technologies of Medical Diagnostics and Treatment” to combine various laboratory research technological methods is indicated. Examples of combining various technological methods of laboratory research are given.

Understanding as Living

2019 ◽  
pp. 7-53
Author(s):  
James W. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Experience ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Interactive System ◽  
The World ◽  
Human Understanding ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Network Studies ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Religious Understanding

Drawing upon clinical psychoanalysis and laboratory research, this chapter develops an “embodied-relational” epistemology. The chapter reviews major research findings on the ways embodiment influences the cognitive processes by which we understand ourselves and the world. It also reviews current neuro-network studies whose findings imply the brain can be understood as a single, interactive system and not simply a collection of relatively autonomous domains. The emphasis here is on the brain’s complexity, integration, and a certain degree of openness. Sensory experience is understood as an active, not passive process, involving an intimate interconnection between self and world. The role of proprioception, as well as the five basic senses, is analyzed. The implications of such research findings for human understanding, and especially religious understanding, are elaborated.

scholarly journals From Topos to Oikos: The Standardization of Glass Containers as Epistemic Boundaries in Modern Laboratory Research (1850–1900)

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kijan Espahangizi
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Glass Container ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Experimental Glass ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Strong Focus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scientific Infrastructure

ArgumentGlass vessels such as flasks and test tubes play an ambiguous role in the historiography of modern laboratory research. In spite of the strong focus on the role of materiality in the last decades, the scientific glass vessel – while being symbolically omnipresent – has remained curiously neglected in regard to its materiality. The popular image or topos of the transparent, neutral, and quasi-immaterial glass container obstructs the view of the physico-chemical functionality of this constitutive inner boundary in modern laboratory environments and its material historicity. In order to understand how glass vessels were able to provide a stable epistemic containment of spatially enclosed experimental phenomena in the new laboratory ecologies emerging in the nineteenth and early twentieth century, I will focus on the history of the material standardization of laboratory glassware. I will follow the rise of a new awareness for measurement errors due to the chemical agency of experimental glass vessels, then I will sketch the emergence of a whole techno-scientific infrastructure for the improvement of glass container quality in late nineteenth-century Germany. In the last part of my argument, I will return to the laboratory by looking at the implementation of this glass reform that created a new oikos for the inner experimental milieus of modern laboratory research.

scholarly journals About this title - Crustal Architecture and Evolution of the Himalaya–Karakoram–Tibet Orogen

10.1144/sp481 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 481 (1) ◽  
pp. NP-NP ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Geology ◽  
Crystal Chemistry ◽  
Fluid Inclusions ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Magmatic Evolution ◽  
Geodynamic Evolution ◽  
The Himalaya

This volume comprises 17 contributions that address the architecture and geodynamic evolution of the Himalaya–Karakoram–Tibet (HKT) system, covering wide aspects, from the active seismicity of the present day to the remnants of the Proterozoic orogen. The articles investigate the HKT system at different scales, blending field research with laboratory studies. The role of various lithospheric components and their inheritance in the geodynamic and magmatic evolution of the HKT system through time, and their links to global geological events, are studied in the field. The laboratory research focuses on the (sub-)micrometre scale, detailing micro-structural geology, crystal chemistry, geochronology, and the study of circulating fluids, their preservation (trapped in fluid inclusions) and their evolution, distribution, migration and interaction with the solid host. An orogen over 2000 km long can be understood only if the processes at the nanometre and micrometre scales are taken into account. The contributions in this volume successfully combine these scales to enhance our understanding of the HKT system.

What absolute beginners learn from input

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-136
Author(s):  
Susanne E. Carroll ◽  
Angela George
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Learning Problems ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Learning Mechanisms ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Foundational Research

Absolute beginners rapidly solve several word learning problems after minimal exposure to second language speech. In this article, we report on laboratory research that supports this claim. Explaining second language acquisition is a goal of foundational research. While our findings are consistent with the generativist enterprise, generativists have been content to describe what learners have acquired while avoiding discussion of the ‘how’. We describe a specific generativist approach (the Autonomous Induction Theory) that directly addresses the role of specific learning mechanisms proposed by cognitive psychology. In contrast to alternative non-generative approaches, the Autonomous Induction Theory offers a constrained theory of language acquisition. Both the data from laboratory settings and the theoretical explanations of how adult learners learn have potential implications for language teaching. One should not, however, make teaching recommendations directly from laboratory results. Rather, the findings should be reinterpreted as a research agenda for the classroom, one that recognises its complexities. In this paper, we make several proposals as to how to get from laboratory findings to a classroom-based research agenda.

Dexamethasone pharmacokinetics in the inner ear: Comparison of route of administration and use of facilitating agents

2000 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujana S. Chandrasekhar ◽  
Ran Y. Rubinstein ◽  
Jed A. Kwartler ◽  
Michael Gatz ◽  
Patricia E. Connelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Systemic Absorption ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Clinical Papers ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Intratympanic Dexamethasone

There is growing otologic interest in treating inner ear disorders, such as sudden sensorineural hearing loss and acute or unremitting Meniere's disease, with intratympanic dexamethasone (IT-DEX). Although anecdotally reported, there are no scientific clinical papers and few prior laboratory research publications on the subject. This study compares perilymph dexamethasone concentrations after systemic and intratympanic administration and assesses the role of 3 potential transport facilitators of IT-DEX into perilymph. Forty guinea pigs (79 ears) were randomly separated into 5 groups. Dexamethasone levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. IT-DEX resulted in higher perilymph steroid levels than intravenous dexamethasone ( P < 0.05). Histamine facilitator resulted in significantly higher perilymph steroid levels than IT-DEX alone ( P < 0.05). Neither hyaluronic acid nor dimethylsulfoxide was a potent facilitator. This study demonstrates that IT-DEX administration results in superior perilymph levels within 1 hour of administration and does not result in systemic absorption. Histamine is a potent facilitating agent. The clinical implications are considerable.

scholarly journals Investigation of relationship between the level of cytokines and clinical parameters of patients with generalized periodontitis under the influence of Zinaxin

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (3 (71)) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Romanyshyn ◽  
V. I. Gereluk ◽  
O. P. Kobryn ◽  
N. I. Kukurudz ◽  
L. I. Kurbatova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Fluid ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Clinical Indicators ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Process Formation ◽  
Cytokine Imbalance ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

As a result of a comprehensive clinical and laboratory research the pathogenetic role of cytokine imbalance in the pathological process formation in the periodontal tissues was established. Correlation analysis of cytokines’ content in gingival and oral fluid of patients with generalized periodontitis and data of clinical indicators of periodontal tissues showed that there is a strong direct connection between pro-inflammatory cytokines and clinical parameters.

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