Comparing GCM-generated land surface water budgets using a simple common framework

2001 ◽  
pp. 95-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randal D. Koster ◽  
Paul A. Dirmeyer ◽  
P. C. D. Milly ◽  
Gary L. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Water Budgets ◽  
Land Surface Water ◽  
Common Framework

scholarly journals Imbalanced land surface water budgets in a numerical weather prediction system

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 4411-4417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Kauffeldt ◽  
Sven Halldin ◽  
Florian Pappenberger ◽  
Fredrik Wetterhall ◽  
Chong‐Yu Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Numerical Weather Prediction ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Prediction System ◽  
Water Budgets ◽  
Numerical Weather ◽  
Land Surface Water

scholarly journals Unsupervised Sub-Pixel Water Body Mapping with Sentinel-3 OLCI Image

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Wang ◽  
Feng Ling ◽  
Huaiying Yao ◽  
Yaolin Liu ◽  
Shuna Xu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Body Mapping ◽  
Water Index ◽  
Land Surface Water ◽  
Body Map

Mapping land surface water bodies from satellite images is superior to conventional in situ measurements. With the mission of long-term and high-frequency water quality monitoring, the launch of the Ocean and Land Colour Instrument (OLCI) onboard Sentinel-3A and Sentinel-3B provides the best possible approach for near real-time land surface water body mapping. Sentinel-3 OLCI contains 21 bands ranging from visible to near-infrared, but the spatial resolution is limited to 300 m, which may include lots of mixed pixels around the boundaries. Sub-pixel mapping (SPM) provides a good solution for the mixed pixel problem in water body mapping. In this paper, an unsupervised sub-pixel water body mapping (USWBM) method was proposed particularly for the Sentinel-3 OLCI image, and it aims to produce a finer spatial resolution (e.g., 30 m) water body map from the multispectral image. Instead of using the fraction maps of water/non-water or multispectral images combined with endmembers of water/non-water classes as input, USWBM directly uses the spectral water index images of the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) extracted from the Sentinel-3 OLCI image as input and produces a water body map at the target finer spatial resolution. Without the collection of endmembers, USWBM accomplished the unsupervised process by developing a multi-scale spatial dependence based on an unsupervised sub-pixel Fuzzy C-means (FCM) clustering algorithm. In both validations in the Tibet Plate lake and Poyang lake, USWBM produced more accurate water body maps than the other pixel and sub-pixel based water body mapping methods. The proposed USWBM, therefore, has great potential to support near real-time sub-pixel water body mapping with the Sentinel-3 OLCI image.

Analysis of Landsat-8 OLI imagery for land surface water mapping

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 672-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiqiang Du ◽  
Wenbo Li ◽  
Dongbo Zhou ◽  
Liqiao Tian ◽  
Feng Ling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Landsat 8 Oli ◽  
Land Surface Water ◽  
Water Mapping

scholarly journals HydroPy (v1.0): A new global hydrology model written in Python

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Stacke ◽  
Stefan Hagemann
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Max Planck ◽  
Water Balance Components ◽  
Meteorological Model ◽  
Land Surface Water ◽  
Hydrology Model ◽  
Flexible Infrastructure ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract. Global hydrological models (GHMs) are a useful tool in the assessment of the land surface water balance. They are used to further the understanding of interactions between water balance components as well as their past evolution and potential future development under various scenarios. While GHMs are a part of the Hydrologist's toolbox since several decades, the models are continuously developed. In our study, we present the HydroPy model, a revised version of an established GHM, the Max-Planck Institute for Meteorology's Hydrology Model (MPI-HM). Being rewritten in Python, the new model requires much less effort in maintenance and due to its flexible infrastructure, new processes can be easily implemented. Besides providing a thorough documentation of the processes currently implemented in HydroPy, we demonstrate the skill of the model in simulating the land surface water balance. We find that evapotranspiration is reproduced realistically for the majority of the land surface but is underestimated in the tropics. The simulated river discharge correlates well with observations. Biases are evident for the annual accumulated discharge, however they can – at least to some part – be attributed to discrepancies between the meteorological model forcing data and the observations. Finally, we show that HydroPy performs very similar to MPI-HM and, thus, conclude the successful transition from MPI-HM to HydroPy.

scholarly journals Modifying a dynamic global vegetation model for simulating large spatial scale land surface water balances

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 2547-2565 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Tang ◽  
P. J. Bartlein
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Surface Hydrology ◽  
Large Spatial Scale ◽  
Land Surface Water ◽  
Land Surface Hydrology ◽  
Water Balances ◽  
Global Vegetation

Abstract. Satellite-based data, such as vegetation type and fractional vegetation cover, are widely used in hydrologic models to prescribe the vegetation state in a study region. Dynamic global vegetation models (DGVM) simulate land surface hydrology. Incorporation of satellite-based data into a DGVM may enhance a model's ability to simulate land surface hydrology by reducing the task of model parameterization and providing distributed information on land characteristics. The objectives of this study are to (i) modify a DGVM for simulating land surface water balances; (ii) evaluate the modified model in simulating actual evapotranspiration (ET), soil moisture, and surface runoff at regional or watershed scales; and (iii) gain insight into the ability of both the original and modified model to simulate large spatial scale land surface hydrology. To achieve these objectives, we introduce the "LPJ-hydrology" (LH) model which incorporates satellite-based data into the Lund-Potsdam-Jena (LPJ) DGVM. To evaluate the model we ran LH using historical (1981–2006) climate data and satellite-based land covers at 2.5 arc-min grid cells for the conterminous US and for the entire world using coarser climate and land cover data. We evaluated the simulated ET, soil moisture, and surface runoff using a set of observed or simulated data at different spatial scales. Our results demonstrate that spatial patterns of LH-simulated annual ET and surface runoff are in accordance with previously published data for the US; LH-modeled monthly stream flow for 12 major rivers in the US was consistent with observed values respectively during the years 1981–2006 (R2 > 0.46, p < 0.01; Nash-Sutcliffe Coefficient > 0.52). The modeled mean annual discharges for 10 major rivers worldwide also agreed well (differences < 15%) with observed values for these rivers. Compared to a degree-day method for snowmelt computation, the addition of the solar radiation effect on snowmelt enabled LH to better simulate monthly stream flow in winter and early spring for rivers located at mid-to-high latitudes. In addition, LH-modeled monthly soil moisture for the state of Illinois (US) agreed well (R2 = 0.79, p < 0.01) with observed data for the years 1984–2001. Overall, this study justifies both the feasibility of incorporating satellite-based land covers into a DGVM and the reliability of LH to simulate land-surface water balances. To better estimate surface/river runoff at mid-to-high latitudes, we recommended that LPJ-DGVM considers the effects of solar radiation on snowmelt.

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