Fouling organisms

1984 ◽  
pp. 226-240
Author(s):  
Robert E. Loveland ◽  
Sylvia S. Shafto
Keyword(s):  
Fouling Organisms

Diatoms in bottom sediments of thermokarst lakes of the Pechora Delta

2019 ◽  
pp. 285-290
Author(s):  
Elvira A. Zinnatova, Larisa A. Frolova ◽  
Larisa A. Frolova
Keyword(s):  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Thermokarst Lakes ◽  
Thermokarst Lake ◽  
Fouling Organisms ◽  
Diatom Complexes

The Northern lakes are good objects for paleoclimatic reconstructions. One of the sources of information about changes in the ecosystems of lakes are diatoms. The study of diatom complexes revealed 133 taxa belonging to 49 genera, 24 families, 13 orders and 3 classes in the bottom sediments of the thermokarst lake of the Pechora Delta. Dominated by the Holarctic representatives of benthic and fouling organisms giving preference to the alkaline environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Substrate Selection of Ascidian Larva: Wettability and Nano-Structures

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 634
Author(s):  
Euichi Hirose ◽  
Noburu Sensui
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Substrate Selection ◽  
Artificial Structures ◽  
Substrate Preferences ◽  
Nano Structures ◽  
Hydrophobic Materials ◽  
Faunal Communities ◽  
Adhesive Organs ◽  
Fouling Organisms ◽  
Selection Of

Ascidians are marine sessile chordates that comprise one of the major benthic animal groups in marine ecosystems. They sometimes cause biofouling problems on artificial structures underwater, and non-indigenous, invasive ascidian species can potentially and seriously alter native faunal communities. Ascidian larvae are usually tadpole-shaped, negatively phototactic, and adhere on substrates by secreting a glue from their adhesive organs. Although larvae often prefer hydrophobic surfaces, such as a silicone rubber, for settlement, hydrophobic materials are often used to reduce occurrence of fouling organisms on artificial structures. This inconsistency may indicate that an attractive surface for larvae is not always suitable for settlement. Micro-scale structures or roughness may enhance the settlement of ascidian larvae, but settlement is significantly reduced by a nano-scale nipple array (or moth-eye structure), suggesting functional properties of similar structures found on the body surfaces of various invertebrates. The substrate preferences of larvae should be one of the important bases in considering measures against biofouling, and this review also discusses the potential uses of materials to safely reduce the impacts of invasive species.

scholarly journals Adhesion of acorn barnacles on surface-active borate glasses

2019 ◽  
Vol 374 (1784) ◽  
pp. 20190203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenan P. Fears ◽  
Andrew Barnikel ◽  
Ann Wassick ◽  
Heonjune Ryou ◽  
Janna N. Schultzhaus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Tests ◽  
Borate Glasses ◽  
Local Concentration ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Marine Biofouling ◽  
Microbial Biofilms ◽  
Concentration Of Ions ◽  
Surface Active ◽  
Fouling Organisms ◽  
Aluminoborate Glass

Concerns about the bioaccumulation of toxic antifouling compounds have necessitated the search for alternative strategies to combat marine biofouling. Because many biologically essential minerals have deleterious effects on organisms at high concentration, one approach to preventing the settlement of marine foulers is increasing the local concentration of ions that are naturally present in seawater. Here, we used surface-active borate glasses as a platform to directly deliver ions (Na + , Mg 2+ and BO 4 3− ) to the adhesive interface under acorn barnacles ( Amphibalanus ( =Balanus ) amphitrite ). Additionally, surface-active glasses formed reaction layers at the glass–water interface, presenting another challenge to fouling organisms. Proteomics analysis showed that cement deposited on the gelatinous reaction layers is more soluble than cement deposited on insoluble glasses, indicating the reaction layer and/or released ions disrupted adhesion processes. Laboratory experiments showed that the majority (greater than 79%) of adult barnacles re-attached to silica-free borate glasses for 14 days could be released and, more importantly, barnacle larvae did not settle on the glasses. The formation of microbial biofilms in field tests diminished the performance of the materials. While periodic water jetting (120 psi) did not prevent the formation of biofilms, weekly cleaning did dramatically reduce macrofouling on magnesium aluminoborate glass to levels below a commercial foul-release coating. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Transdisciplinary approaches to the study of adhesion and adhesives in biological systems’.

Moray Firth marine fouling communities

1986 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 213-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon B. Picken
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
Soft Corals ◽  
Fouling Communities ◽  
Algal Cover ◽  
Marine Fouling ◽  
Moray Firth ◽  
Hanging Chain ◽  
Fouling Organisms

SynopsisFouling communities typical of shallow water inshore sites were found at three locations in the Moray Firth. At each, an initial background cover of solitary tubeworms and barnacles was overgrown by secondary fouling organisms. On the piles of Nigg jetty, overgrowth consisted of mussels in the depth range 0–6 m and hydroids, sponges, soft corals and anemones from 6–26 m. Buoys in the approaches to Cromarty Firth were completely covered by a mixture of algae and mussels. Sunlit areas of the float cleaned annually bore a diverse algal cover, whereas uncleaned shaded areas and the freely hanging chain had three-year-old mussels up to 7 cm long. Mussel fouling extended down the chain to within 1 m of the seabed at 26 m depth. Concrete anchor blocks on the seabed were covered with solitary tubeworms and hydroids. Steel piled platforms in the Beatrice Field were completely fouled after four years. Mussels and seaweeds were abundant from 0–5 m. In the depth range 8–35 m the background calcareous layer was overgrown by soft corals up to 10 cm long and hydroids. From 35 m to the seabed at 46 m, soft overgrowth was provided mainly by hydroids and ascidians, with only a few small corals.

Novel Approach for Biofouling-Release Materials with Interpenetrating Polymer Networks

2005 ◽  
Vol 897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji Mori ◽  
Masanobu Naito ◽  
Takashi Nakai ◽  
Michiya Fujiki ◽  
Takuma Kawabe
Keyword(s):  
Blue Mussel ◽  
Polymer Networks ◽  
Interpenetrating Polymer Networks ◽  
Repellent Activity ◽  
Marine Fouling ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Blue Mussels ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Specific Fraction ◽  
Fouling Organisms

AbstractEnvironmentally friendly organic-inorganic hybrid materials with repellent activity against marine fouling organisms, such as blue mussel, have been developed using interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs), composed of a 3-dimensional siloxane matrix of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and poly(vinylacetate) (PVAc). Facile bioassay using blue mussels allowed screening the adequate proportions of those components. The repellent activity of IPN with PVAc/silica reached approximately 90% at a specific fraction, relative to that of tributyl tin oxide (TBTO). On the other hand, poly(methylmethacrylate)(PMMA) /silica composite did not show marked repellent activity against blue mussel, even though chemical structure of MMA is similar to that of vinylacetate.

pH and PO2 Levels beneath marine macro-fouling organisms

1983 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony D. Woolmington ◽  
John Davenport
Keyword(s):  
Fouling Organisms

scholarly journals Preliminary assessment of the potential for mangrove oyster cultivation in Piraquê-açu river estuary (Aracruz, ES)

2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Alvarenga ◽  
Rosebel Cunha Nalesso
Keyword(s):  
High Salinity ◽  
Shell Height ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Oyster Shell ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
High Salinity Water ◽  
Salinity Water ◽  
High Predation ◽  
Fouling Organisms ◽  
Oyster Cultivation

At Piraquê-açu river estuary, Aracruz, ES, the technical viability of Crassostrea rhizophorae cultivation was determined through monthly measures in shell length and weight. Seeds of C. rhizophorae were put in cages and suspended in rafts. Increase in height and weight (flesh and dry) of the oysters was measured. During ten months (July/98 to May/99), oyster shell reached an average of 37.6 mm in shell height and 3.0 g in flesh weight (the whole animal). High mortality rates were registered and could be related to the high salinity water and to high predation observed, especially by flatworms Stylochophana divae and snails Cymatium parthenopeum, as well as fouling organisms such as barnacles, Serpulidae polychaetes and seed of the same species.

scholarly journals ECOLOGÍA QUÍMICA DE LAS ESPONJAS EXCAVADORAS CLIONA APRICA, C. CARIBBAEA, C. DELITRIX Y C. TENUIS

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andia Chaves Fonnegra ◽  
Mateo López Victoria ◽  
Fernando Parra Velandia ◽  
Sven Zea
Keyword(s):  
Larval Settlement ◽  
Coral Tissue ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Stegastes Partitus ◽  
Excavating Sponges ◽  
Natural Concentration ◽  
Experimental Media ◽  
Organic Extracts ◽  
Fouling Organisms ◽  
San Andres

The Caribbean encrusting and excavating sponges Cliona aprica, C. caribbaea, C. delitrix and C. tenuis (Porifera, Hadromerida, Clionaidae), aggresively undermine and displace live coral tissue. At San Andrés island and Islas del Rosario (Colombian Caribbean), in all 145 observed cases of direct contact of the sponges C. aprica, C. caribbaea and C. tenuis with 17 coral species, corals showed unhealthy signs in their tissue. It was also noticed that the surface of these sponges is colonized by few organisms and that they are rarely preyed upon. To establish the possible use of chemical substances by these sponges in competition for space with corals (allelopathy), as inhibitors of larval settlement (antifouling), and as feeding deterrents against generalist fish (antipredatory), the activity of crude organic extracts was experimentally evaluated. Extracts were prepared in methanol and 1:2 metanol:dichloromethane and incorporated in experimental media at the natural concentration within the sponges. Using an unpublished method being developed by J. Pawlik (University of North Caroline at Wilmington) and M. Ilan (Tel Aviv University), PhytagelTM disks with crude extracts of each of the four sponge species, placed on the coral Montastrea cavernosa, produced a greater degree of polyp mortality than control gels without extract. Gels with extracts of the sponges C. aprica and C. caribbaea + C. tenuis, served in Petri dishes and used as substratum in the field, inhibited significantly the settlement of fouling organisms, in comparison to control gels. In laboratory trials, wheat flour pellets with extracts C. delitrix and C. caribbaea + C. tenuis were significantly rejected by the omnivore reef damselfish, Stegastes partitus, whereas pellets with extract of C. aprica did not deter feeding. These results suggest that substances present in the crude organic extracts of these sponges may be responsible in part for their ability to compete for reef substrata and to defend themselves from potential aggressors.

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