Field-aligned current flow associated with intrusion of the substorm-intensified westward electrojet into the evening sector

1975 ◽  
Vol 80 (25) ◽  
pp. 3571-3579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Rostoker ◽  
J. C. Armstrong ◽  
A. J. Zmuda
Keyword(s):  
Current Flow ◽  
Evening Sector ◽  
Field Aligned Current

scholarly journals Quiet-time mid-latitude trough: influence of convection, field-aligned currents and proton precipitation

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 3277-3288 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Nilsson ◽  
T. I. Sergienko ◽  
Y. Ebihara ◽  
M. Yamauchi
Keyword(s):  
Charge Carriers ◽  
Lateral Spread ◽  
Quiet Time ◽  
Simple Estimate ◽  
Flow Stagnation ◽  
Evening Sector ◽  
Ion Production ◽  
Proton Precipitation ◽  
Field Aligned Current ◽  
Ionospheric Plasma Density

Abstract. A combination of EISCAT CP-3 (latitude scans) and satellite (DMSP) data have been used to study the structure of the quiet-time evening-sector auroral and subauroral ionosphere, in particular the mid-latitude trough. The main mechanism behind trough formation in the quiet-time evening sector ionosphere is believed to be flow stagnation in a region where convection and corotation counteract each other. However, there is also the possibility that field-aligned currents (FAC) more directly modify the ionospheric density if the current is carried by thermal ionospheric electrons. A quantitative test of the flow-stagnation scenario and an estimate of the possible direct effects caused by field-aligned currents have been performed. We found that the electron densities observed can indeed be explained by the flow-stagnation scenario, but the electron density altitude profiles in the trough sometimes differ from what should be expected from flow stagnation. The effect of a downward field-aligned current cannot be identified in the data, but a simple estimate shows that it can affect the ionospheric plasma density, causing decreased ionospheric densities. In the quiet-time region 2 current/trough region there is typically a significant ion production resulting from proton precipitation which may counteract this effect. Charge exchange of the precipitating protons causes a lateral spread and a smooth associated conductance enhancement. Thus, whereas the proton number flux is insufficient to directly carry the evening sector region 2 current, the precipitation in practice produces the necessary charge carriers. We suggest that precipitating protons do play a crucial role in the electrodynamics of the dark evening sector ionosphere by causing a small but smooth conductance enhancement and producing the charge carriers necessary to carry the trough-associated downward field-aligned current.

Fin Level Defect Isolation Inside a FinFET Using Electron Beam Alteration of Current Flow

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.J. Ryu ◽  
A.B. Shah ◽  
Y. Wang ◽  
W.-H. Chuang ◽  
T. Tong
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Current Flow ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
The Body ◽  
Complete Understanding ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Defect Isolation

Abstract When failure analysis is performed on a circuit composed of FinFETs, the degree of defect isolation, in some cases, requires isolation to the fin level inside the problematic FinFET for complete understanding of root cause. This work shows successful application of electron beam alteration of current flow combined with nanoprobing for precise isolation of a defect down to fin level. To understand the mechanism of the leakage, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) slice was made along the leaky drain contact (perpendicular to fin direction) by focused ion beam thinning and lift-out. TEM image shows contact and fin. Stacking fault was found in the body of the silicon fin highlighted by the technique described in this paper.

Study of MFM Application in Semiconductor Failure Analysis

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Way-Jam Chen ◽  
Lily Shiau ◽  
Ming-Ching Huang ◽  
Chia-Hsing Chao
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Magnetic Force Microscopy ◽  
Magnetic Force ◽  
Current Flow ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
A Current

Abstract In this study we have investigated the magnetic field associated with a current flowing in a circuit using Magnetic Force Microscopy (MFM). The technique is able to identify the magnetic field associated with a current flow and has potential for failure analysis.

All-Contactless Measurement of Series Resistance Distributions on Solar Cells with Photoluminescence Imaging

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kasemann ◽  
L.M. Reindl ◽  
B. Michl ◽  
W. Warta ◽  
A. Schütt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Current Flow ◽  
Series Resistance ◽  
Electrical Contacts ◽  
New Method ◽  
Contactless Measurement ◽  
Sample Handling ◽  
Imaging Methods ◽  
Lateral Current

Abstract Conventional series resistance imaging methods require electrical contacts for current injection or extraction in order to generate lateral current flow in the solar cell. This paper presents a new method to generate lateral current flow in the solar cell without any electrical contacts. This reduces the sample handling complexity for inline application and allows for measurements on unfinished solar cell precursors.

THE EFFECT OF OXYGEN ADSORPTION ON THE CONDUCTIVITY OF PBTE FILMS.

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (8(77)) ◽  
pp. 21-23
Author(s):  
S.N. Sarmasov ◽  
R.Sh. Rahimov ◽  
T.Sh. Abdullayev
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Region ◽  
Current Flow ◽  
Oxygen Adsorption ◽  
Tunneling Mechanism ◽  
Pn Junction ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Pn Junctions ◽  
Effect Of Oxygen

The effect of oxygen adsorption on the conductivity of PbTe films is studied. Pn junctions based on PbTe films are photosensitive in the IR spectral region with a maximum photosensitivity of 𝜆𝑚𝑎𝑥 microns. The tunneling mechanism of current flow through the pn junction is shown.

Water Temperature Control Using PID Control System Based on LabVIEW

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-46
Author(s):  
Ari Ramadhani
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Pid Control ◽  
Temperature Sensor ◽  
Pid Controller ◽  
Current Flow ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Digital Thermometer ◽  
Flow Through

Abstract - Automatic system have grown widespread across all sector so do water heater. Traditionally, heating water is done by utilizing fire as heat source. As the growing of technology, the heating process could be done by manipulating electrical energy by convert it to heat. Electrical energy is flown to a metal rod that contact directly with the water which increase the water temperature. On some case, appropiate water temperature is needed. Altough, a thermometer is needed to read the actual temperature as a feedback value for the system and a system that can control the electricity current flow through the heater that the heat produced is linear to the current flow. With implementing microcontroller as a process node for generating PWM signal, this problem can be solved. Also, Labview is needed as an interface for monitoring and bursting an output which have been processed by Proportional, Integral, and Devivative (PID) controller to producing accurate and stable heat. Based on the results of testing, the system is able to provide a rapid response to any changes that occur, both changes in set-point and changes in water temperature (actual value). Another test is done by comparing the temperature value detected by the temperature sensor in this device with an external digital thermometer placed in the same place, and from some of the tests the temperature value detected by the temperature sensor in this device has a difference of ± 0.19 ℃ with a digital thermometer. Keyword : Water Heater, Thermometer, Microcontroller, LabView, PID.

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