Neutral line energetic ion signatures in the geomagnetic tail: Comparisons with AMPTE observations

1995 ◽  
pp. 243-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. Speiser ◽  
R. F. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Neutral Line ◽  
Geomagnetic Tail

Substorm processes in the geomagnetic tail and their effect in the nightside auroral zone ionosphere as observed by eiscat

1989 ◽  
Vol 328 (1598) ◽  
pp. 173-193 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Interplanetary Magnetic Field ◽  
Neutral Line ◽  
Auroral Zone ◽  
The Other ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Magnetospheric Substorms ◽  
Incoherent Scatter ◽  
Geomagnetic Tail ◽  
Param Eters

Current understanding of magnetospheric substorms is reviewed with special emphasis on the relation between space-based and ground-based observations. It is pointed out that the traditional means of monitoring substorms from the ground (by using magnetometers, riometers and auroral observations) give only a selective picture of the whole phenomenon, related to the precipitation of electrons with energies above 1 keV. Measurements by incoherent scatter radar, such as the European incoherent scatter facility (eiscat), give a more complete and continuous picture. The ‘neutral line’ model of substorms provides a natural, physical basis on which relevant data can be interpreted. In this picture, two sources of flow are anticipated in the nightside auroral zones, one ‘directly driven ’ (with a delay of 15-20 min) by the interplanetary magnetic field (imf) B z component and associated with dayside reconnection, and the other appearing typically an hour after southward turnings of the imf and associated with rapid tail reconnection during substorms. Evidence for the influence of both sources of flow is found in nightside eiscat data. These data also reveal that, overall, the nightside ionospheric flow and plasma param eters often vary in a quasi-periodic way with a period of ca. 1 h. In two cases in which concurrent interplanetary data are available it appears that the periodicity is inherent in imf B z , but this is not expressed unmodified in the auroral zone because of the presence of the two sources of flow which depend on imf B z in different ways.

The energetic ion signature of an O-type neutral line in the geomagnetic tail

1991 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 203-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.F. Martin ◽  
D.F. Johnson ◽  
T.W. Speiser
Keyword(s):  
Neutral Line ◽  
Geomagnetic Tail

scholarly journals AC Current Ripple in Three-Phase Four-Leg PWM Converters with Neutral Line Inductor

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1430
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Viatkin ◽  
Riccardo Mandrioli ◽  
Manel Hammami ◽  
Mattia Ricco ◽  
Gabriele Grandi
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Pulse Width Modulation ◽  
Neutral Line ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Switching Frequency ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Ac Current ◽  
Current Ripple

This paper presents a comprehensive study of peak-to-peak and root-mean-square (RMS) values of AC current ripples with balanced and unbalanced fundamental currents in a generic case of three-phase four-leg converters with uncoupled AC interface inductors present in all three phases and in neutral. The AC current ripple characteristics were determined for both phase and neutral currents, considering the sinusoidal pulse-width modulation (SPWM) method. The derived expressions are simple, effective, and ready for accurate AC current ripple calculations in three- or four-leg converters. This is particularly handy in the converter design process, since there is no need for heavy numerical simulations to determine an optimal set of design parameters, such as switching frequency and line inductances, based on the grid code or load restrictions in terms of AC current ripple. Particular attention has been paid to the performance comparison between the conventional three-phase three-leg converter and its four-leg counterpart, with distinct line inductance values in the neutral wire. In addition to that, a design example was performed to demonstrate the power of the derived equations. Numerical simulations and extensive experimental tests were thoroughly verified the analytical developments.

scholarly journals Optimal Taylor–Couette turbulence

2012 ◽  
Vol 706 ◽  
pp. 118-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis P. M. van Gils ◽  
Sander G. Huisman ◽  
Siegfried Grossmann ◽  
Chao Sun ◽  
Detlef Lohse
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Function ◽  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Angular Velocity ◽  
Probability Distribution Function ◽  
Neutral Line ◽  
Velocity Ratio ◽  
Outer Cylinder ◽  
Taylor Number ◽  
Counter Rotation ◽  
Taylor Couette

AbstractStrongly turbulent Taylor–Couette flow with independently rotating inner and outer cylinders with a radius ratio of $\eta = 0. 716$ is experimentally studied. From global torque measurements, we analyse the dimensionless angular velocity flux ${\mathit{Nu}}_{\omega } (\mathit{Ta}, a)$ as a function of the Taylor number $\mathit{Ta}$ and the angular velocity ratio $a= \ensuremath{-} {\omega }_{o} / {\omega }_{i} $ in the large-Taylor-number regime $1{0}^{11} \lesssim \mathit{Ta}\lesssim 1{0}^{13} $ and well off the inviscid stability borders (Rayleigh lines) $a= \ensuremath{-} {\eta }^{2} $ for co-rotation and $a= \infty $ for counter-rotation. We analyse the data with the common power-law ansatz for the dimensionless angular velocity transport flux ${\mathit{Nu}}_{\omega } (\mathit{Ta}, a)= f(a)\hspace{0.167em} {\mathit{Ta}}^{\gamma } $, with an amplitude $f(a)$ and an exponent $\gamma $. The data are consistent with one effective exponent $\gamma = 0. 39\pm 0. 03$ for all $a$, but we discuss a possible $a$ dependence in the co- and weakly counter-rotating regimes. The amplitude of the angular velocity flux $f(a)\equiv {\mathit{Nu}}_{\omega } (\mathit{Ta}, a)/ {\mathit{Ta}}^{0. 39} $ is measured to be maximal at slight counter-rotation, namely at an angular velocity ratio of ${a}_{\mathit{opt}} = 0. 33\pm 0. 04$, i.e. along the line ${\omega }_{o} = \ensuremath{-} 0. 33{\omega }_{i} $. This value is theoretically interpreted as the result of a competition between the destabilizing inner cylinder rotation and the stabilizing but shear-enhancing outer cylinder counter-rotation. With the help of laser Doppler anemometry, we provide angular velocity profiles and in particular identify the radial position ${r}_{n} $ of the neutral line, defined by $ \mathop{ \langle \omega ({r}_{n} )\rangle } \nolimits _{t} = 0$ for fixed height $z$. For these large $\mathit{Ta}$ values, the ratio $a\approx 0. 40$, which is close to ${a}_{\mathit{opt}} = 0. 33$, is distinguished by a zero angular velocity gradient $\partial \omega / \partial r= 0$ in the bulk. While for moderate counter-rotation $\ensuremath{-} 0. 40{\omega }_{i} \lesssim {\omega }_{o} \lt 0$, the neutral line still remains close to the outer cylinder and the probability distribution function of the bulk angular velocity is observed to be monomodal. For stronger counter-rotation the neutral line is pushed inwards towards the inner cylinder; in this regime the probability distribution function of the bulk angular velocity becomes bimodal, reflecting intermittent bursts of turbulent structures beyond the neutral line into the outer flow domain, which otherwise is stabilized by the counter-rotating outer cylinder. Finally, a hypothesis is offered allowing a unifying view and consistent interpretation for all these various results.

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