Collection of Oceanic Suspended Particulate Matter for Trace Metal Analysis Using a New in Situ Pump

2013 ◽  
pp. 285-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Sherrell
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Trace Metal ◽  
Suspended Particulate Matter ◽  
Metal Analysis ◽  
Trace Metal Analysis ◽  
Suspended Particulate

scholarly journals Annual cycles of chlorophyll-<i>a</i>, non-algal suspended particulate matter, and turbidity observed from space and in-situ in coastal waters

Ocean Science ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 705-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Gohin
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Continental Shelf ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Suspended Particulate Matter ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Monitoring Networks ◽  
Suspended Particulate

Abstract. Sea surface temperature, chlorophyll, and turbidity are three variables of the coastal environment commonly measured by monitoring networks. The observation networks are often based on coastal stations, which do not provide a sufficient coverage to validate the model outputs or to be used in assimilation over the continental shelf. Conversely, the products derived from satellite reflectance generally show a decreasing quality shoreward, and an assessment of the limitation of these data is required. The annual cycle, mean, and percentile 90 of the chlorophyll concentration derived from MERIS/ESA and MODIS/NASA data processed with a dedicated algorithm have been compared to in-situ observations at twenty-six selected stations from the Mediterranean Sea to the North Sea. Keeping in mind the validation, the forcing, or the assimilation in hydrological, sediment-transport, or ecological models, the non-algal Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) is also a parameter which is expected from the satellite imagery. However, the monitoring networks measure essentially the turbidity and a consistency between chlorophyll, representative of the phytoplankton biomass, non-algal SPM, and turbidity is required. In this study, we derive the satellite turbidity from chlorophyll and non-algal SPM with a common formula applied to in-situ or satellite observations. The distribution of the satellite-derived turbidity exhibits the same main statistical characteristics as those measured in-situ, which satisfies the first condition to monitor the long-term changes or the large-scale spatial variation over the continental shelf and along the shore. For the first time, climatologies of turbidity, so useful for mapping the environment of the benthic habitats, are proposed from space on areas as different as the southern North Sea or the western Mediterranean Sea, with validation at coastal stations.

scholarly journals Trace metal concentration in atmospheric aerosols in some city areas of Bangladesh

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
MN Mondol ◽  
M Khaled ◽  
AS Chamon ◽  
SM Ullah
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Trace Metal ◽  
Suspended Particulate Matter ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Trace Metal Concentration ◽  
Total Suspended Particulate ◽  
Total Suspended Particulate Matter ◽  
Suspended Particulate ◽  
The City

Aerosol particulate matter and trace gases were sampled at five locations in the city areas of Bangladesh. The sampling sites were selected in the city areas near motor vehicles run with heavy traffic. The average concentrations of total suspended particulate matter in city ambient air were 413.02, 292.63, 671.65, 184.09 and 301.13 ?g m-³ in Dhaka, Noakhali, Chittagong, Faridpur and Kustia, respectively, which were higher than the daily average value, given by WHO and US EPA standard. The highest SPM concentration is in Chittagong (671.65 ?g m-³) and the lowest in Faridpur (184.09 ?g m-³). The city areas studied fall in the ‘Unhealthy” to “Extremely Unhealthy’ class according to the Air Quality Index, 2003. Trace metal concentrations of total suspended particulate matter in city ambient air were analyzed. The reported previous Pb concentration in farmgate, Dhaka was 1238 ng m-3 by Biswas et al., (2003) and now shows a decreasing tendency, presumably due to the ban on the use of leaded fuel. The average results of trace metals have been compared to national and international standards. The Cu and Zn concentration of current study is found very high in comparison with other previously reported results. The air of Chittagong city is highly polluted. Motor vehicles, especially two stroke engine vehicles are increasingly major sources of air pollution in Chittagong. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v49i4.22630 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 49(4), 263-270, 2014

scholarly journals An Algorithm to Estimate Suspended Particulate Matter Concentrations and Associated Uncertainties from Remote Sensing Reflectance in Coastal Environments

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 2172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Tavora ◽  
Emmanuel Boss ◽  
David Doxaran ◽  
Paul Hill
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Suspended Particulate Matter ◽  
Ocean Color ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Coastal Environments ◽  
Suspended Particulate ◽  
Spm Concentration

Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) is a major constituent in coastal waters, involved in processes such as light attenuation, pollutant propagation, and waterways blockage. The spatial distribution of SPM is an indicator of deposition and erosion patterns in estuaries and coastal zones and a necessary input to estimate the material fluxes from the land through rivers to the sea. In-situ methods to estimate SPM provide limited spatial data in comparison to the coverage that can be obtained remotely. Ocean color remote sensing complements field measurements by providing estimates of the spatial distributions of surface SPM concentration in natural waters, with high spatial and temporal resolution. Existing methods to obtain SPM from remote sensing vary between purely empirical ones to those that are based on radiative transfer theory together with empirical inputs regarding the optical properties of SPM. Most algorithms use a single satellite band that is switched to other bands for different ranges of turbidity. The necessity to switch bands is due to the saturation of reflectance as SPM concentration increases. Here we propose a multi-band approach for SPM retrievals that also provides an estimate of uncertainty, where the latter is based on both uncertainties in reflectance and in the assumed optical properties of SPM. The approach proposed is general and can be applied to any ocean color sensor or in-situ radiometer system with red and near-infra-red bands. We apply it to six globally distributed in-situ datasets of spectral water reflectance and SPM measurements over a wide range of SPM concentrations collected in estuaries and coastal environments (the focus regions of our study). Results show good performance for SPM retrieval at all ranges of concentration. As with all algorithms, better performance may be achieved by constraining empirical assumptions to specific environments. To demonstrate the flexibility of the algorithm we apply it to a remote sensing scene from an environment with highly variable sediment concentrations.

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