Lignin, Cutin, Amino Acid and Carbohydrate Analyses of Marine Particulate Organic Matter

2013 ◽  
pp. 129-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
John I. Hedges
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Particulate Organic Matter

scholarly journals Natural vs. trawling-derived transport of sediment and particulate organic matter in a submarine canyon

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Paradis ◽  
Marta Arjona-Camas ◽  
Miguel Goñi ◽  
Pere Masqué ◽  
Pere Puig
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Particulate Organic Matter ◽  
Benzoic Acids ◽  
Submarine Canyons ◽  
Natural Sediment ◽  
Bottom Trawling ◽  
Nw Mediterranean ◽  
Autumn And Winter

<p>Deep bottom trawling often occurs in the vicinities of submarine canyons since these morphological features act as nursery areas for commercial species. Previous studies in the submarine canyons incising the NW Mediterranean margin have highlighted that bottom trawling resuspends large volumes of sediment which are partly transported downcanyon as sediment gravity flows. To assess the contribution of downward particle fluxes in La Fonera Canyon (NW Mediterranean) linked to natural sediment transport events and bottom trawling, a near-bottom mooring equipped with a 24-cup sediment trap, a current meter, and a turbidimeter was deployed during 2017 in its axis (1200 m water depth), next to a trawling ground. Temporal variations in the quantity and composition of trapped particulate organic matter were assessed through the analysis of organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (TN) and several biomarkers (lignins, cutin acids, p-hydroxybenzenes, benzoic acids, amino acid-derived products, dicarboxylic acids, and fatty acids).</p><p>High downward particle fluxes (60-100 g·m<sup>-2</sup>·d<sup>-1</sup>) were registered in autumn and winter associated to torrential river discharges, seasonal storms and dense shelf water cascading. During these natural events, sediment transported downcanyon had high organic matter contents that were mostly terrigenous in origin. However, the highest downward particle flux (>140 g·m<sup>-2</sup>·d<sup>-1</sup>) was recorded in the onset of the bottom trawling season in March, after a 2-month seasonal trawling closure. During the following summer months no major natural sediment transport events occurred, but the high frequency of bottom trawling activities (10-26 hauls·week<sup>-1</sup>) near the sediment trap caused considerably high downward particulate fluxes (80-125 g·m<sup>-2</sup>·d<sup>-1</sup>) during this season. Compared to autumn and winter months, sediment transferred downcanyon caused by trawling had lower organic matter contents, mostly consisting in refractory compounds (i.e. lignins, p-hydroxybenzenes and benzoic acids) with similar concentrations to those observed in the bottom sediments of the trawling grounds, confirming that this material originates from these areas. During periods with less trawling activity, lower sediment fluxes (30-50 g·m<sup>-2</sup>·d<sup>-1</sup>) with higher organic matter contents enriched in labile compounds (i.e. amino acid-derived products, di-carboxylic acids, and fatty acids) were recorded. These results highlight how bottom trawling activities on the flanks of submarine canyons modify the supply of sediment and organic matter downcanyon. The low-quality of organic matter transferred by bottom trawling activities may ultimately affect the fragile ecosystems dwelling in these deep environments.</p>

Relating particulate organic matter-nitrogen (POM-N) and non-POM-N with pulse crop residues, residue management and cereal N uptake

Agronomie ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 777-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme D. Schwenke ◽  
Warwick L. Felton ◽  
David F. Herridge ◽  
Dil F. Khan ◽  
Mark B. Peoples
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Particulate Organic Matter ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Pulse Crop

Macrophyte-derived detritus in shallow coastal waters contributes to suspended particulate organic matter and increases growth rates of Mytilus edulis

2020 ◽  
Vol 644 ◽  
pp. 91-103
Author(s):  
D Bearham ◽  
MA Vanderklift ◽  
RA Downie ◽  
DP Thomson ◽  
LA Clementson
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Particulate Organic Matter ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Gill Tissue ◽  
Suspension Feeder ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Suspension Feeders ◽  
Blue Mussels ◽  
Suspended Particulate

Benthic suspension feeders, such as bivalves, potentially have several different food sources, including plankton and resuspended detritus of benthic origin. We hypothesised that suspension feeders are likely to feed on detritus if it is present. This inference would be further strengthened if there was a correlation between δ13C of suspension feeder tissue and δ13C of particulate organic matter (POM). Since detritus is characterised by high particulate organic matter (POC):chl a ratios, we would also predict a positive correlation between POM δ13C and POC:chl a. We hypothesised that increasing depth and greater distance from shore would produce a greater nutritional reliance by experimentally transplanted blue mussels Mytilus edulis on plankton rather than macrophyte-derived detritus. After deployments of 3 mo duration in 2 different years at depths from 3 to 40 m, M. edulis sizes were positively correlated with POM concentrations. POC:chl a ratios and δ13C of POM and M. edulis gill tissue decreased with increasing depth (and greater distance from shore). δ13C of POM was correlated with δ13C of M. edulis. Our results suggest that detritus comprised a large proportion of POM at shallow depths (<15 m), that M. edulis ingested and assimilated carbon in proportion to its availability in POM, and that growth of M. edulis was higher where detritus was present and POM concentrations were higher.

Hydrolysis of organic wastewater particles in laboratory scale and pilot scale biofilm reactors under anoxic and aerobic conditions

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 179-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. Janning ◽  
X. Le Tallec ◽  
P. Harremoës
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Mass Balance ◽  
Particulate Organic Matter ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Aerobic Conditions ◽  
Biofilm Reactors ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Hydrolysis and degradation of particulate organic matter has been isolated and investigated in laboratory scale and pilot scale biofilters. Wastewater was supplied to biofilm reactors in order to accumulate particulates from wastewater in the filter. When synthetic wastewater with no organic matter was supplied to the reactors, hydrolysis of the particulates was the only process occurring. Results from the laboratory scale experiments under aerobic conditions with pre-settled wastewater show that the initial removal rate is high: rV, O2 = 2.1 kg O2/(m3 d) though fast declining towards a much slower rate. A mass balance of carbon (TOC/TIC) shows that only 10% of the accumulated TOC was transformed to TIC during the 12 hour long experiment. The pilot scale hydrolysis experiment was performed in a new type of biofilm reactor - the B2A® biofilter that is characterised by a series of decreasing sized granular media (80-2.5 mm). When hydrolysis experiments were performed on the anoxic pilot biofilter with pre-screened wastewater particulates as carbon source, a rapid (rV, NO3=0.7 kg NO3-N/(m3 d)) and a slowler (rV, NO3 = 0.3 kg NO3-N/(m3 d)) removal rate were observed at an oxygen concentration of 3.5 mg O2/l. It was found that the pilot biofilter could retain significant amounts of particulate organic matter, reducing the porosity of the filter media of an average from 0.35 to 0.11. A mass balance of carbon shows that up to 40% of the total incoming TOC accumulates in the filter at high flow rates. Only up to 15% of the accumulated TOC was transformed to TIC during the 24 hour long experiment.

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