Effect of a Sudden Impulse in Electron Temperature on the Polar Wind: A Time-Dependent Semi-Kinetic Model

2013 ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.W. Ho ◽  
J. L. Horwitz ◽  
G. R. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Model ◽  
Electron Temperature ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Polar Wind ◽  
Sudden Impulse

scholarly journals The chemistry of cool circumstellar envelopes

1987 ◽  
Vol 122 ◽  
pp. 551-552
Author(s):  
L.A.M. Nejad ◽  
T. J. Millar
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Model ◽  
Chemical Kinetic ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Circumstellar Envelopes ◽  
Chemical Kinetic Model ◽  
Ion Molecule Reactions ◽  
Cool Stars

We have developed a time-dependent chemical kinetic model to describe the chemistry in the circumstellar envelopes of cool stars, with particular reference to IRC + 10216. Our detailed calculations show that ion-molecule reactions are important in the formation of many of the species observed in IRC + 10216.

scholarly journals In Vitro Pharmacodynamics of the New Ketolides HMR 3004 and HMR 3647 (Telithromycin) against Chlamydia pneumoniae

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 1846-1849 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Gustafsson ◽  
E. Hjelm ◽  
O. Cars
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Model ◽  
Chlamydia Pneumoniae ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Intracellular Pathogen ◽  
Maximal Effect ◽  
Subinhibitory Concentration ◽  
Killing Effect ◽  
New Class ◽  
Unit Reduction

ABSTRACT The ketolides HMR 3004 and HMR 3647 (telithromycin) are a new class of macrolides that have a potential clinical efficacy against intracellular pathogens. The objectives of this study were to investigate the MIC, minimum bactericidal concentration, and time-dependent killing of two Chlamydia pneumoniaestrains of the two ketolides. The killing effect was also studied with a newly developed intracellular in vitro kinetic model. Furthermore, HMR 3647 was studied for the effect of a subinhibitory concentration of 0.5 times the MIC after a preexposure of 10 times the MIC during 12 h. The MICs for both strains were 0.0039 and 0.0156 mg/liter for HMR 3004 and HMR 3647, respectively. Killing with 10 times the MIC was time dependent, increasing from a 1-log-unit decrease in the number of inclusions per well at 48 h to a maximal effect of 2.8-log-unit decrease after 96 h. A preexposure of 10 times the MIC of HMR 3647 for 12 h followed by a subinhibitory concentration of 0.5 times the MIC increased the killing effect to a 1.2-log-unit reduction in inclusions per well. An exposure for 12 h gave poor reduction of inclusions, while a static dose of 10 times the MIC for 72 h showed a 2.2-log-unit reduction in inclusions per well. In the kinetic model, a small number of inclusions were detected after 72 h by one exposure of 10 times the MIC. Regrowth could not be detected after 120 h. The ketolides HMR 3004 and HMR 3647 have bactericidal activity and show a significant sub-MIC effect on the intracellular pathogenC. pneumoniae.

The propagation of a transverse electromagnetic wave in a nonlinear, anisotropic, time-dependent plasma medium

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 889-905
Author(s):  
Robert J. Papa
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Plane Wave ◽  
Electron Temperature ◽  
Electron Density ◽  
Balance Equation ◽  
Energy Balance Equation ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Circularly Polarized ◽  
Elliptically Polarized

In a previous paper, a one-dimensional, inhomogeneous model was considered in describing the nonlinear interaction of a radiofrequency plane wave with a time-varying plasma. This paper extends the analysis to the anisotropic case, in which an elliptically polarized plane wave incident upon an electron-density profile induces changes in the electron density and electron temperature. A d-c. magnetic field parallel to the electron-density gradients causes the elliptically polarized wave to split into two distinct modes, a right-hand circularly polarized and a left-hand circularly polarized mode. The two modes are coupled through an energy-balance equation that governs the behavior of the electron temperature. The time-dependent response of the plasma may be found by numerically integrating an energy-balance equation and a continuity equation. The solution to the wave equation for the time-varying, inhomogeneous, anisotropic medium may be obtained through the use of the WKB approximation. The time scales for electron-temperature and electron-density changes are found to vary with incident flux, incident-wave ellipticity, and appropriate normalized plasma parameters.

Kinetic model for the large deformation of cylindrical gels

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (04) ◽  
pp. 1450032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaomei Yao ◽  
Hui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Model ◽  
Large Deformation ◽  
Deformation Theory ◽  
Chemical Potential ◽  
Deformation Gradient ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Deformation Model ◽  
Extended Model ◽  
Numerical Examples ◽  
Steady State Model

Here we investigate the kinetic model for the large deformation theory of hydrogel under the outside stimulations. We present the large deformation dynamical model in the following two points. (1) The phase transition caused by the deformation gradient is concerned, which makes the model more integral. (2) Based on the steady-state model, the time-dependent large deformation model is proposed and the time developing process is investigated. Considering the force of the large deformation, we introduce the heat equation to express the transformation of the chemical potential. The extended model can be used to describe the development of the large deformation. We present numerical examples of the cylindrical hydrogel for one- and two-dimensional cases under pressure and stretch. Besides, some key parameters are studied to test the model.

Plasma expansions with a time-dependent electron temperature

2010 ◽  
Vol 374 (10) ◽  
pp. 1253-1260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongsheng Huang ◽  
Yuanjie Bi ◽  
Naiyan Wang ◽  
Xiuzhang Tang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Temperature ◽  
Time Dependent
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document