On the application of a three-dimensional numerical model to the waters between Vancouver Island and the mainland coast of British Columbia and Washington State

1987 ◽  
pp. 149-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. O. Backhaus ◽  
P. B. Crean ◽  
D. K. Lee
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Numerical Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Washington State

Southern Wakashan: Descriptive and Theoretical Perspectives

2007 ◽  
Vol 52 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Henry Davis ◽  
Rachel Wojdak
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Linguistic Theory ◽  
Special Volume ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Foundational Work ◽  
Edward Sapir

This special volume of CJL/RCL is the first collection of papers devoted specifically to the Southern Wakashan languages Makah, Ditidaht (also known as Nitinat), and Nuu-chah-nulth (also known as Nootka). These three closely related languages form a continuum stretching from the northwest tip of Washington State to northwest Vancouver Island in British Columbia. The Southern Wakashan languages are remarkable for the typologically unusual traits they exhibit in virtually all areas of their grammars. These properties were first illuminated by Edward Sapir in his foundational work on Nuu-chah-nulth (1911, 1915, 1921; Sapir and Swadesh 1939), which helped thrust Wakashan to the forefront of early Amerindian scholarship. The papers brought together in this volume reflect a recent resurgence of interest in Southern Wakashan, and highlight the potential of lesser-studied languages to contribute to linguistic theory, as well as the range of insights that theoretically informed perspectives can bring to the grammatical description of these languages.

Optical dating studies of Quaternary organic-rich sediments from southwestern British Columbia and northwestern Washington State

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 1194-1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olav B. Lian ◽  
Jinsheng Hu ◽  
D. J. Huntley ◽  
Stephen R. Hicock
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Optical Dating ◽  
Thermoluminescence Dating ◽  
Lithostratigraphic Units ◽  
Dating Method ◽  
Infrared Excitation ◽  
Future Work

The suitability of optical dating using 1.4 eV (infrared) excitation for determining the time of deposition, or compaction, of organic-rich sediments and peat is assessed with measurements on seven samples from six different lithostratigraphic units. One is of zero age, two have associated 14C ages, three are known to have been deposited during an interglaciation, and one is ~1 Ma old. The samples yield satisfactory optical ages ranging from 0 to over 100 ka. We conclude that the Muir Point Formation (southern Vancouver Island) and the Whidbey Formation (northwestern Washington State) were both deposited during δ18O stage 5, as previously deduced from other evidence. The age obtained from the ~1 Ma sample was significantly too low. The optical dating method is simpler and more precise than thermoluminescence dating, and is recommended for future work.

Cascadiacarpa exilis sp. nov.: new fruits of Fagaceae from the Eocene of British Columbia

Botany ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 377-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randal A. Mindell ◽  
Ruth A. Stockey ◽  
Graham Beard
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
Cellulose Acetate ◽  
Transverse Section ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Single Seed ◽  
Fossil Genus ◽  
Shape And Size

More than 800 permineralized fagaceous fruits have been studied from the Eocene Appian Way locality of Vancouver Island, British Columbia. These cupulate nuts are the most common fruits preserved at the locality. They occur in calcareous concretions and were studied using the cellulose acetate peel technique. Cupules are borne on a spiny stalk and are broadly ovate in both longitudinal and transverse section. Cupules are evalvate and have both branching and simple spines. A single, ovoid, sclerotic nut is enclosed entirely by the cupule, except at the apex, where a stylar protrusion is free from any surrounding tissues. The nut is bilocular with a glabrous endocarp lining. At maturity, a single seed occupies the locular cavity. The embryo is straight and no endosperm is evident. The single-fruited, spiny cupule is most similar to fruits of Fagaceae subfamily Castaneoideae. Bicarpellate fruits and a glabrous endocarp place them within the fossil genus Cascadiacarpa; however, they differ from Cascadiacarpa spinosa in nut wall anatomy, cupule ornamentation, shape, and size. Fruits of Cascadiacarpa exilis sp. nov. are compared with spiny, small compression and impression fossil fruits from the Eocene Taneum Creek locality of Washington State. The characters of the Washington State fossils overlap with those observed in the anatomically preserved Appian Way cupulate fruits and, as such, may represent compression and impression fossils of the same genus. The permineralized fruits document that evalvate, spiny, cupulate nuts of Fagaceae were present and common in the Eocene of western North America.

Revisions to the stratigraphy and biochronology of the Upper Cretaceous Nanaimo Group, British Columbia and Washington State

1978 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter D. Ward
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Upper Cretaceous ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Island Region ◽  
New Name ◽  
Local Range

The stratigraphy of the Upper Cretaceous Nanaimo Group of the Vancouver Island region is revised on the bases of new fossil and field data. Previously unrecognized turbidite facies of the Haslam Formation are proposed as the new Cowichan Member of the Haslam Formation. This member either overlies or intertongues with the new Haslam Creek Member of the Haslam Formation. The Extension–Protection Formation is subdivided into three formations: the lower Extension Formation, the middle Pender Formation (new name) and the upper Protection Formation.The macrofossil zonal succession can be revised to include a new local-range zone superjacent to the Schmidti Zone and subjacent to the Vancouverense Zone named the Chicoensis Zone, based on the Nanaimo Group occurrences of Baculites chicoensis Trask and Submortoniceras chicoense (Trask). Another new zone is proposed superjacent to the Vancouverense Zone and subjacent to the Suciaensis Zone, named the Paciflcum Zone. This latter zone is based on the local Nanaimo Group ranges of Metaplacenticeras cf. M. pacificum (Smith) and Baculites rex Anderson.

The plainfin midshipman’s soundscape at two sites around Vancouver Island, British Columbia

2018 ◽  
Vol 603 ◽  
pp. 189-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
WD Halliday ◽  
MK Pine ◽  
APH Bose ◽  
S Balshine ◽  
F Juanes
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Vancouver Island

A THREE-DIMENSIONAL NUMERICAL MODEL FOR SELECTIVE WITHDRAWAL IN COASTAL AREA

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. I_571-I_576
Author(s):  
Yasuo NIIDA ◽  
Norikazu NAKASHIKI ◽  
Takaki TSUBONO ◽  
Shin’ichi SAKAI ◽  
Teruhisa OKADA
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Selective Withdrawal

scholarly journals Blowing and drifting snow in Alpine terrain: numerical simulation and related field measurements

1998 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 174-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Gauer
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Numerical Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Blowing Snow ◽  
Related Field ◽  
Drifting Snow ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Snow Transport

A physically based numerical model of drifting and blowing snow in three-dimensional terrain is developed. The model includes snow transport by saltation and suspension. As an example, a numerical simulation for an Alpine ridge is presented and compared with field measurements.

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