Ecological investigations of yeasts in Antarctic soils

1978 ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald M. Atlas ◽  
Margaret E. Di Menna ◽  
Roy E. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Antarctic Soils

Characterization of humic acids from antarctic soils by nuclear magnetic resonance

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 1207-1211 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Chukov ◽  
E. V. Abakumov ◽  
V. M. Tomashunas
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Antarctic Soils ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic

scholarly journals Production of cold-adapted cellulase by Verticillium sp. isolated from Antarctic soils

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nengfei Wang ◽  
Jiaye Zang ◽  
Kaili Ming ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
Zuohao Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Adapted ◽  
Antarctic Soils

scholarly journals Biodegradation of phenol by cold-adapted bacteria from Antarctic soils

Polar Biology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian Li Yin Lee ◽  
Siti Aqlima Ahmad ◽  
Nur Adeela Yasid ◽  
Azham Zulkharnain ◽  
Peter Convey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Adapted ◽  
Antarctic Soils

Radiocarbon Age of Soils in Oases of East Antarctica

Radiocarbon ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 489-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Zazovskaya ◽  
N Mergelov ◽  
V Shishkov ◽  
A Dolgikh ◽  
V Miamin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
East Antarctica ◽  
Radiocarbon Age ◽  
Antarctic Soils ◽  
Larsemann Hills ◽  
Arctic Soils ◽  
Organic Horizons

AbstractThis article discusses radiocarbon dating results for soils and soil-like systems in the East Antarctic oases, including Schirmacher, Thala Hills, and Larsemann Hills. The organic matter of endolithic and hypolithic systems, soils of wind shelters, and soils under moss-algae vegetation were dated along with micro- and macroprofiles. Organic matter pools formed under extreme climatic conditions and originated not from vascular plants but from cryptogamic organisms, and photoautotrophic microbes have been identified within the oases of the East Antarctica. The organic matter of the most of East Antarctic soils is young and cannot reach a steady state because of the high dynamism in the soil cover due to active erosion. The oldest soil organic matter in East Antarctica was found in the soils formed in wind shelters and endolithic soil-like systems under the protection of consolidated rock surfaces. According to our data, the maximal duration for the formation of organic matter profiles within the oases of East Antarctica is ~500 yr, which is similar to the age determined for High Arctic soils in Eurasia. The absence of older soils, comparable with the Holocene deglaciation, can be due to the extreme conditions resulting in occasional catastrophic events that destroyed the soil organic horizons.

scholarly journals Penguins significantly increased phosphine formation and phosphorus contribution in maritime Antarctic soils

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renbin Zhu ◽  
Qing Wang ◽  
Wei Ding ◽  
Can Wang ◽  
Lijun Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maritime Antarctic ◽  
Antarctic Soils

scholarly journals Manganese-Oxidizing Antarctic Bacteria (Mn-Oxb) Release Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) as Secondary Mn(II) Oxidation Mechanisms to Avoid Toxicity

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1004
Author(s):  
Ignacio Jofré ◽  
Francisco Matus ◽  
Daniela Mendoza ◽  
Francisco Nájera ◽  
Carolina Merino
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Cell Protection ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Antarctic Soils ◽  
Dependent Mechanism

Manganese (Mn) oxidation is performed through oxidative Mn-oxidizing bacteria (MnOxb) as the main bio-weathering mechanism for Mn(III/IV) deposits during soil formation. However, with an increase in temperature, the respiration rate also increases, producing Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) as by-products, which are harmful to microbial cells. We hypothesize that bacterial ROS oxidize Mn(II) to Mn(III/IV) as a secondary non-enzymatic temperature-dependent mechanism for cell protection. Fourteen MnOxb were isolated from Antarctic soils under the global warming effect, and peroxidase (PO) activity, ROS, and Mn(III/IV) production were evaluated for 120 h of incubation at 4 °C, 15 °C, and 30 °C. ROS contributions to Mn oxidation were evaluated in Arthrobacter oxydans under antioxidant (Trolox) and ROS-stimulated (menadione) conditions. The Mn(III/IV) concentration increased with temperature and positively correlated with ROS production. ROS scavenging with Trolox depleted the Mn oxidation, and ROS-stimulant increased the Mn precipitation in A. oxydans. Increasing the Mn(II) concentration caused a reduction in the membrane potential and bacterial viability, which resulted in Mn precipitation on the bacteria surface. In conclusion, bacterial ROS production serves as a complementary non-enzymatic temperature-dependent mechanism for Mn(II) oxidation as a response in warming environments.

scholarly journals Nutrient parsimony shapes diversity and functionality in hyper-oligotrophic Antarctic soils

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc W. Van Goethem ◽  
Surendra Vikram ◽  
David W. Hopkins ◽  
Grant Hall ◽  
Stephan Woodborne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Isotopic Ratio ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Calvin Cycle ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Nitrate Assimilation ◽  
Antarctic Soils ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
Soil Microbial

AbstractThe balance of nutrients in soil is critical for microbial growth and function, and stoichiometric values below the Redfield ratio for C:N:P can negatively affect microbial ecosystem services. However, few studies have assessed the relationships between nutrient balance and biological productivity in extremely nutrient-poor habitats. The Mackay Glacier region of Eastern Antarctica is a hyper-oligotrophic ice-free desert and is an appropriate landscape to evaluate the effects of nutrient deficiency and imbalance on microbial community ecology. In a survey of multiple, widely dispersed soil samples from this region, we detected only low rates of microbial respiration, and observed that C:N:P ratios were well below those required for optimal activity. In silico metagenomic and soil isotopic ratio (δ15N) analyses indicated that the capacity for nitrogen fixation was low, but that soil microbial communities were enriched for soil nitrate assimilation processes, mostly associated with heterotrophic taxa. δ13C isotope ratio data suggested that carbon dioxide was fixed principally via the Calvin cycle. Genes involved in this pathway were common to all metagenomes and were primarily attributed to members of the dominant soil bacterial phyla: Bacteroidetes and Acidobacteria. The identification of multiple genes encoding non-photoautotrophic RUBISCO and carbon dioxide dehydrogenase enzymes in both the metagenomic sequences and assembled MAGs is suggestive of a trace-gas scavenging physiology in members of these soil communities.

Effects of oil spills on microbial heterotrophs in Antarctic soils

Polar Biology ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 308-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackie Aislabie ◽  
Rhonda Fraser ◽  
Shona Duncan ◽  
Roberta L. Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spills ◽  
Antarctic Soils

scholarly journals CO2-C losses and carbon quality of selected Maritime Antarctic soils

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Vanir De Souza Carvalho ◽  
Eduardo De Sá Mendonça ◽  
Newton La Scala ◽  
César Reis ◽  
Efrain Lázaro Reis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Maritime Antarctic ◽  
Antarctic Soils ◽  
Humification Degree

AbstractPolar Regions are the most important soil carbon reservoirs on Earth. Monitoring soil carbon storage in a changing global climate context may indicate possible effects of climate change on terrestrial environments. In this regard, we need to understand the dynamics of soil organic matter in relation to its chemical characteristics. We evaluated the influence of chemical characteristics of humic substances on the process of soil organic matter mineralization in selected Maritime Antarctic soils. A laboratory assay was carried out with soils from five locations from King George Island. We determined the contents of total organic carbon, oxidizable carbon fractions of soil organic matter, and humic substances. Two in situ field experiments were carried out during two summers, in order to evaluate the CO2-C emissions in relation to soil temperature variations. The overall low amounts of soil organic matter in Maritime Antarctic soils have a low humification degree and reduced microbial activity. CO2-C emissions showed significant exponential relationship with temperature, suggesting a sharp increase in CO2-C emissions with a warming scenario, and Q10 values (the percentage increase in emission for a 10°C increase in soil temperature) were higher than values reported from elsewhere. The sensitivity of the CO2-C emission in relation to temperature was significantly correlated with the humification degree of soil organic matter and microbial activity for Antarctic soils.

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