scholarly journals Specification of regional sea surface temperatures in atmospheric general circulation model simulations

1998 ◽  
Vol 103 (D8) ◽  
pp. 8901-8907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun Kumar ◽  
Martin P. Hoerling
Keyword(s):  
General Circulation Model ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Atmospheric General Circulation Model ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Sea Surface Temperatures ◽  
Model Simulations ◽  
Atmospheric General Circulation ◽  
Surface Temperatures

scholarly journals Climatic stability of the geographic origin of Antarctic precipitation simulated by an atmospheric general circulation model

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 45-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilles Delaygue ◽  
Valérie Masson ◽  
Jean Jouzel
Keyword(s):  
General Circulation Model ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Latitudinal Gradient ◽  
Atmospheric General Circulation Model ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Atmospheric General Circulation ◽  
Antarctic Precipitation

AbstractThe geographic origin of Antarctic precipitation is important for ice-core isotopic interpretation as well as ice-sheet mass-balance calculations. Here we estimate these moisture origins with the NASA/Goddard Institute of Space Studies atmospheric general circulation model, under different climatic conditions. This model reasonably simulates the broad features of the present-day observed hydrological cycle, and indicates a subtropical to subglacial (30-60° S) latitudinal origin for the Antarctic precipitation. We use different climatic reconstructions, all based on CLIMAP, for the Last Glacial Maximum (about 21000 years ago), which differ by the latitudinal sea-surface temperature gradient and seasonality. CLIMAP conditions increase the latitudinal gradient and the sea-ice extent, with the consequence of slightly enhancing the low-latitude origins. Shifting the seasonal cycle of oceanic prescribed conditions has an important effect on the hydrological cycle but less on the precipitation origin. Prescribing cooler tropical sea-surface temperatures, which decreases the latitudinal gradient, makes the latitudinal contributions closer to modern ones and increases the dominant oceanic sources. Globally the origins of Antarctic precipitation do not change significantly, either annually or seasonally.

Potential effects of climate change on marine growth and survival of Fraser River sockeye salmon

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 2651-2659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott G. Hinch ◽  
Michael C. Healey ◽  
Ron E. Diewert ◽  
Michael A. Henderson ◽  
Keith A. Thomson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Circulation Model ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Zooplankton Biomass ◽  
Air Pressure ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Sea Surface Temperatures ◽  
Surface Temperatures

Simulation results from the Canadian Climate Centre's atmospheric general circulation model (CCC GCM) coupled to a simplified mixed-layer ocean model predict that doubled atmospheric CO2 concentrations would increase northeast Pacific Ocean sea surface temperatures and weaken existing north–south air pressure gradients. On the basis of predicted changes to air pressure and an empirical relationship between wind-driven upwelling and zooplankton biomass, we calculate that production of food for sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) may decrease by 5–9%. We developed empirical relationships between sea surface temperature, zooplankton biomass, adult recruitment, and terminal ocean weight for the early Stuart stock of Fraser River sockeye salmon. Our analyses show that warmer sea surface temperatures, larger adult recruitment, and lower zooplankton biomass are correlated with smaller adult sockeye. Bioenergetics modeling suggests that higher metabolic costs in warmer water coupled with lower food availability could cause the observed reductions in size. Warmer sea surface temperatures during coastal migration by juveniles were correlated with lower recruitment 2 yr later. Warmer sea surface temperatures may be a surrogate for increased levels of predation or decreased food during the juvenile stage. We speculate that Fraser sockeye will be less abundant and smaller if the climate changes as suggested by the Canadian Climate Centre's general circulation model.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document