Subtidal energetics in the Faroe-Shetland Channel: Coarse-grid model experiments

1998 ◽  
Vol 103 (C6) ◽  
pp. 12689-12708 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.-Y. Oey
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Grid ◽  
Model Experiments ◽  
Grid Model

A Nested-Grid Hydrodynamic/Pollutant Transport Model for Nearshore Areas in Hamilton Harbour

1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis K. Tsanis ◽  
Jian Wu
Keyword(s):  
Transport Model ◽  
Pollutant Transport ◽  
Coarse Grid ◽  
Fine Grid ◽  
Flushing Time ◽  
Grid Model ◽  
Hamilton Harbour ◽  
Nested Grid ◽  
Water Elevations ◽  
The Impact

Abstract A nested-grid depth-averaged circulation model was developed and applied to three nearshore areas in Hamilton Harbour: the western basin, LaSalle Park waterfront and the northeastern shoreline. The grid sizes used were 100 m for the whole harbour, and 25 m for the three nearshore areas. General features of current circulation and horizontal mixing times under various wind directions and speeds were obtained for the whole harbour using the coarse-grid model. The fine-grid model (water elevations and current information on the open boundaries were obtained from the whole harbour model) then provided current patterns which were used to drive the pollutant transport model. Simulation results reveal that the current in the fine-grid model is close to the current from the coarse-grid model, while more detailed current structures are explored. The water elevations from the fine-grid model agree well with the elevations from the coarse-grid one. The impact of artificial islands was examined by studying changes in current patterns, pollutant peaks, exposure and flushing time in different locations of concern. The design proposed provides: (i) minimum change in the existing current patterns; (ii) avoidance of pollutant hot spots; and (iii) minimum changes in the flushing time of pollutants.

A New Simulation Layer Optimization and Permeability Upscaling Method for Preserving Critical Reservoir Heterogeneity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dachang Li ◽  
Corneliu-Liviu Ionescu ◽  
Baurzhan Muftakhidinov ◽  
Byron Haynes ◽  
Bakyt Yergaliyeva
Keyword(s):  
History Matching ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Coarse Grid ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Reservoir Properties ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Fine Grid ◽  
Grid Model ◽  
Compositional Model ◽  
Permeability Upscaling

Abstract Running a fine grid model with 107 - 109 of cells is possible using a supercomputer with 103 - 106 of CPUs but may not be always cost-effective. The most cost-effective way is to use a coarse grid model that is much smaller but with static/dynamic profiles very close to the fine grid model. This paper proposes a new layer optimization and upscaling method with the aim for creating a consistent coarse grid model. Unlike the industry's existing layer optimization and upscaling methods, the proposed method performs layer optimization and upscaling fully integrated with the Lorenz coefficient and curves (LCC). Coarse grid layers and their permeabilities are created by minimizing the difference between fine and coarse grid LCCs. The process consists of static and dynamic optimizations. The former is measured by LCC while the latter by pressure, GOR, and water-cut. A new LCC-based permeability upscaling method is developed to preserve the fine grid multiphase flow behaviors. A satisfactory coarse grid model is achieved when both static and dynamic criteria are met. The proposed method has been successfully applied to a giant carbonate oil field in the Caspian Sea that consists of a matrix dominated platform and a fracture/karst dominated rim. Due to the field's complex geology and high H2S content (15%), a dual porosity, dual permeability compositional model has been created to model compositional sour crude flow within and between the matrix and fracture/karst features. The reservoir drive mechanisms are fluid expansion, miscible gas injection and aquifer drive. The reservoir is undersaturated and has an abnormally high initial reservoir pressure. The fine-grid static model contains 104 million cells (370×225×625×2) and the optimized upscaled coarse-grid dynamic model has 8.3 million cells (370×225×50×2). The upscaled model can be run efficiently on the company's existing HPC infrastructure with a maximum of 64 CPUs. Excellent matches of the Lorenz coefficient maps for reservoir total/zones and Lorenz curves at all wells between the fine and coarse grid models have been achieved. Matches on the dynamic variables, e.g., pressure, gas breakthrough time, and GOR growth, in all producers are within the defined acceptable tolerances. The high quality of the static and dynamic matches between the coarse- and fine-grid models confirms that the reservoir properties of the coarse-grid model is very close to the fine-grid model and can be used a base model for history matching and uncertainty analysis.

Cognitive Components of Ingroup Projection

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Machunsky ◽  
Thorsten Meiser
Keyword(s):  
Mental Representation ◽  
Cognitive Representation ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Projection Model ◽  
Minimal Group ◽  
Model Experiments ◽  
Superordinate Category ◽  
Cognitive Components ◽  
Per Se

This research investigated whether relative ingroup prototypicality (i.e., the tendency to perceive one’s own ingroup as more prototypical of a superordinate category than the outgroup) can result from a prototype-based versus exemplar-based mental representation of social categories, rather than from ingroup membership per se as previously suggested by the ingroup projection model. Experiments 1 and 2 showed that a prototype-based group was perceived as more prototypical of a superordinate category than an exemplar-based group supporting the hypothesis that an intergroup context is not necessary for biased prototypicality judgments. Experiment 3 introduced an intergroup context in a minimal-group-like paradigm. The findings demonstrated that both the kind of cognitive representation and motivational processes contribute to biased prototypicality judgments in intergroup settings.

Influence of Rim Run-Out on the Nonuniformity of Tire-Wheel Assemblies

1994 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. B. Rhyne ◽  
R. Gall ◽  
L. Y. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Radial Force ◽  
Membrane Model ◽  
Model Experiments ◽  
Force Variation ◽  
One To One ◽  
The One

Abstract An analytical membrane model is used to study how wheel imperfections are converted into radial force variation of the tire-wheel assembly. This model indicates that the radial run-out of the rim generates run-out of the tire-wheel assembly at slightly less than the one to one ratio that was expected. Lateral run-out of the rim is found to generate radial run-out of the tire-wheel assembly at a ratio that is dependent on the tire design and the wheel width. Finite element studies of a production tire validate and quantify the results of the membrane model. Experiments using a specially constructed precision wheel demonstrate the behavior predicted by the models. Finally, a population of production tires and wheels show that the lateral run-out of the rims contribute a significant portion to the assembly radial force variation. These findings might be used to improve match-mounting results by taking lateral rim run-out into account.

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