Spectral measurements of HCl in the plume of the Antarctic Volcano Mount Erebus

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (13) ◽  
pp. 2421-2424 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Keys ◽  
S. W. Wood ◽  
N. B. Jones ◽  
F. J. Murcray
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Measurements ◽  
Mount Erebus ◽  
The Antarctic

Volcanic gas emissions from Mount Erebus and their impact on the Antarctic environment

1997 ◽  
Vol 102 (B7) ◽  
pp. 15039-15055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grazyna Zreda-Gostynska ◽  
Philip R. Kyle ◽  
D. Finnegan ◽  
Kimberly Meeker Prestbo
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Gas ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Mount Erebus ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Antarctic Environment

scholarly journals Far-Infrared Radiative Properties of Water Vapor and Clouds in Antarctica

2015 ◽  
Vol 96 (9) ◽  
pp. 1505-1518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Palchetti ◽  
Giovanni Bianchini ◽  
Gianluca Di Natale ◽  
Massimo Del Guasta
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Spectral Region ◽  
Thermal Emission ◽  
Far Infrared ◽  
Radiative Properties ◽  
Spectral Measurements ◽  
Sky Conditions ◽  
Stratospheric Clouds ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Lidar Observations

Abstract Water vapor and clouds are among the most important greenhouse components whose radiative features cover all the broad spectral range of the thermal emission of the atmosphere. Typically more than 40% of the total thermal emission of Earth occurs in the far-infrared (FIR) spectral region from 100 to 667 cm−1 (wavelengths from 100 to 15 µm). Nevertheless, this spectral region has not ever been fully covered down to 100 cm−1 by space missions, and only a few ground-based experiments exist because of the difficulty of performing measurements from high altitude and very dry locations where the atmosphere is sufficiently transparent to observe the FIR emission features. To cover this lack of observations, the Italian experiment “Radiative Properties of Water Vapor and Clouds in Antarctica” has collected a 2-yr dataset of spectral measurements of the radiance emitted by the atmosphere and by clouds, such as cirrus and polar stratospheric clouds, from 100 to 1,400 cm−1 (100–7 µm of wavelength), including the underexplored FIR region, along with polarization-sensitive lidar observations, daily radiosondes, and other ancillary information to characterize the atmosphere above the site. Measurements have been performed almost continuously with a duty cycle of 6 out of 9 h, from the Italian–French base of Concordia at Dome C over the Antarctic Plateau at 3,230 m MSL, in all-sky conditions since 2012. Because of the uniqueness of the observations, this dataset will be extremely valuable for evaluating the accuracy of atmospheric absorption models (both gas and clouds) in the underexplored FIR and to detect possible daily, seasonal, and annual climate signatures.

Chlorine, fluorine, and sulfur emissions from Mount Erebus, Antarctica and estimated contributions to the Antarctic atmosphere

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 1959-1962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grazyna Zreda-Gostynska ◽  
Philip R. Kyle ◽  
David L. Finnegan
Keyword(s):  
Mount Erebus ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Sulfur Emissions

Airborne tourism in the Antarctic

Polar Record ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 29 (169) ◽  
pp. 103-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Swithinbank
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
South Shetland Islands ◽  
South Pole ◽  
The South ◽  
America South ◽  
Antarctic Treaty ◽  
Mount Erebus ◽  
Passenger Aircraft ◽  
The Antarctic

ABSTRACTThere are two classes of airborne tourism in Antarctica: overflights without landing, and fl ights including landing. The earliest overflight was in 1956, but there were no regular flights until 1977, when Qantas and Air New Zealand began overflights with wide-bodied aircraft. A crash on Mount Erebus in 1979 that killed 257 people drew attention to the absence of effective planning, air traffic control, and rescue services. Landings began in the South Shetland Islands in 1982, when C-130 aircraft of Fuerza Aerea de Chile brought passengers from Punta Arenas. Since 1983, tourists have been accommodated in a Chilean government hostel. Flights to the interior began in 1984 when climbers were taken to the Sentinel Range by ski-equipped aircraft. Unmodified transport aircraft have been used since 1987, making wheel landings on naturally occurring bare ice in the Heritage Range. Tourists were taken from this site to the South Pole in 1988 by smaller, ski-equipped aircraft. Owing to the lack of conventional airfields in Antarctica, the future of intercontinental operations may depend on the development of additional airfields on bare ice. There are many possible sites. Most are near the periphery of the continent but some are in high latitudes, one only 300 km from the South Pole. A few of these will allow direct flights of unmodified passenger aircraft from South America, South Africa, Australia, or New Zealand. The possibility of 300 day-trippers stepping onto the ice from a Boeing 747 raises a variety of safety and environmental concerns. The challenge to the Antarctic Treaty System will be to reconcile the interests of governments, scientists, airlines, tour operators, tourists, and environmentalists.

scholarly journals Satellite-derived UV climatology at Escudero Station, Antarctic Peninsula

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 791-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raul R. Cordero ◽  
Alessandro Damiani ◽  
Gunther Seckmeyer ◽  
Stefan Riechelmann ◽  
Fernando Labbe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antarctic Peninsula ◽  
King George Island ◽  
Spectral Measurements ◽  
Ozone Monitoring Instrument ◽  
Earth Observing System ◽  
Uv Irradiance ◽  
Antarctic Ozone ◽  
Ozone Monitoring ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Derived Data

AbstractWe have used data from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) aboard NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS) Aura satellite over the period 2004–11 to describe the characteristics of surface ultraviolet (UV) irradiance at Escudero Station (62°12′S, 58°57′W). The station is located on King George Island (northern Antarctic Peninsula). Temperatures in summer are frequently above 0°C, and the surrounding ocean is typically ice-free. We found that the UV irradiance at Escudero is driven by the Antarctic ozone hole (which annually in spring leads to significant variations in the ozone) and by clouds (which are more frequent and have a larger optical depth compared with other Antarctic sites). The combined effect of ozone and clouds led to significant variations in the surface UV. The variability (taken as the standard deviation of the UV estimates retrieved from OMI) is typically greater than 30% at Escudero, but may reach values greater than 50% in spring. The consistency of OMI-derived data was checked by using ground-based spectral measurements carried out under controlled conditions in January 2011.

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