scholarly journals Nitrogen fixation by volcanic lightning in the early Earth

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (16) ◽  
pp. 3123-3126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Navarro-González ◽  
Mario J. Molina ◽  
Luisa T. Molina
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Early Earth ◽  
Volcanic Lightning

Prebiotic synthesis in volcanic discharges: lightning, porous ash and volcanic gas atmospheres

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Springsklee ◽  
Thomas Steiner ◽  
Thomas Geisberger ◽  
Bettina Scheu ◽  
Claudia Huber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Surface Reactivity ◽  
Early Earth ◽  
Volcanic Gases ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Volcanic Gas ◽  
Primitive Earth ◽  
Volcanic Lightning

<p>The emergence of the first organic molecules as a fundamental step in the prebiotic assembly of life remains enigmatic. Lightning has been considered as a potential energy source for the synthesis for first organic molecules. The iconic abiotic synthesis experiments: the discharge experiments performed in 1953 by Miller and Urey [1] under simulated reducing atmosphere conditions were conducted in the absence of any geomaterial substrate. Further, new views about the composition of the Early Earth’s atmosphere have been developed which require a revisiting of the Miller experiment.</p><p>Volcanic lightning associated with volcanism provides a possible energy source, a variety of different volcanic gases and possible catalysts to synthesize a variety of primitive organic molecules. Volcanic ash particles are known for their porosity, high surface area and significant surface reactivity. Volcanic plumes themselves provide a high variety of volcanic gases including, but not limited to reducing ones, and therefore may enlarge the spectrum for possibly available gas compositions in the Early Earth atmosphere.</p><p>Recent laboratory studies have successfully recreated near-vent volcanic lightning under laboratory conditions [2,3]. We will present first insights from volcanic discharge experiments under different atmospheric compositions, varying in CO<sub>2</sub>, and N<sub>2</sub> composition to mimic some first Early Earth conditions. Special focus is given to the role of ash particles as a catalyst and container as well as the influence of gas composition on the yield of organic compounds.</p><p> </p><p>[1] Miller, S.L. (1953). A production of amino acids under possible primitive earth conditions. Science, 117, 528-529.  </p><p>[2] Cimarelli, C., Alatorre-Ibargüengoitia, M.A., Kueppers, U., Scheu, B. and Dingwell, D.B. (2014). Experimental generation of volcanic lightening. Geology, 42, 79-82.</p><p>[3] Gaudin, D. and Cimarelli, C. (2019). The electrification of volcanic jets and controlling parameters: A laboratory study. EPSL, 513, 69-80.</p><p> </p>

Making vinegar on the early earth

Nature ◽  
2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Ball
Keyword(s):  
Early Earth

Factors controlling nitrogen fixation in temperate seagrass beds

2015 ◽  
Vol 525 ◽  
pp. 41-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
PLM Cook ◽  
V Evrard ◽  
RJ Woodland
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Seagrass Beds

NEW CLOVER CULTIVARS FOR WAIKATO DAIRY PASTURE: ESTABLISHMENT, PRODUCTION AND NITROGEN FIXATION DURING THE FIRST YEAR

1988 ◽  
pp. 207-211
Author(s):  
S.F. Ledgard ◽  
G.J. Brier ◽  
R.N. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
First Year ◽  
Buried Seed

Clover cultivars grown with ryegrass were compared in an establishment year under dairy cow grazing. There was no difference in total annual productton but summer production was greater with Pawera red clover and with Kopu or Pitau white clovers. Clovers differed little in the proportion of nitrogen fixed, except during summer when values were highest for Pawera. Pawera was less prone to nematode attack than white clover cultivars but was more susceptible to clover rot. Resident clovers and high buried seed levels (e.g., 11-91 kg/ha) made introduction of new clover cultivars difficult. Sown clovers established best (50-70% of total clover plants) when drilled into soil treated with dicamba and glyphosate. Keywords: white clover, red clover, nematodes. nitrogen fixation, pasture renovation

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