Tropical Pacific sea surface temperatures and upper water column thermal structure during the Last Glacial Maximum

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 649-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Patrick ◽  
Robert C. Thunell
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Thermal Structure ◽  
Tropical Pacific ◽  
Glacial Maximum ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Sea Surface Temperatures ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
The Last Glacial

Terrestrial Conditions at the Last Glacial Maximum and CLIMAP Sea-Surface Temperature Estimates: Are They Consistent?

1985 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Rind ◽  
D. Peteet
Keyword(s):  
Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Glacial Maximum ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Radiation Balance ◽  
Sea Surface Temperatures ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
Surface Temperatures ◽  
Low Latitudes ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
The Last Glacial

CLIMAP (1981, “Seasonal Reconstruction of the Earth's Surface at the Last Glacial Maximum,” Geological Society of America Map and Chart Series MC-36) boundary conditions were used as inputs to the GISS general circulation model, and the last glacial maximum (LGM) climate was simulated for six model years. The simulation was compared with snow line depression and pollen-inferred temperature data at low latitudes, specifically for Hawaii, Colombia, East Africa, and New Guinea. The model does not produced as much cooling at low latitudes as is implied by the terrestrial evidence. An alternative experiment in which the CLIMAP sea-surface temperatures were uniformly lowered by 2°C produces a better fit to the land data although in Hawaii model temperatures are still too warm. The relatively warm CLIMAP tropical sea-surface temperatures also provide for only a slight decrease in the hydrologic cycle in the model, in contrast to both evidence of LGM tropical aridity and the results of the experiment with colder ocean temperatures. With the CLIMAP sea-surface temperatures, the LGM global annual mean surface air temperature is 3.6°C colder than at present; if the ocean temperatures were allowed to cool in conformity with the model's radiation balance, the LGM simulation would be 5°–6°C colder than today, and in better agreement with the tropical land evidence.

scholarly journals Sea-surface temperatures of the southwest Pacific Ocean during the Last Glacial Maximum

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. T. Barrows ◽  
S. Juggins ◽  
P. De Deckker ◽  
J. Thiede ◽  
J. I. Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Glacial Maximum ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Sea Surface Temperatures ◽  
Southwest Pacific ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
Surface Temperatures ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
The Last Glacial

Exploring the complex uncertainties in coupled climate-ice simulations of the Last Glacial Maximum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Gregoire ◽  
Niall Gandy ◽  
Lachlan Astfalck ◽  
Robin Smith ◽  
Ruza Ivanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Ice Sheets ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Glacial Maximum ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Surface Mass ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
The Last Glacial

<p>Simulating the co-evolution of climate and ice-sheets during the Quaternary is key to understanding some of the major abrupt changes in climate, ice and sea level. Indeed, events such as the Meltwater pulse 1a rapid sea level rise and Heinrich, Dansgaard–Oeschger and the 8.2 kyr climatic events all involve the interplay between ice sheets, the atmosphere and the ocean. Unfortunately, it is challenging to simulate the coupled Climate-Ice sheet system because small biases, errors or uncertainties in parts of the models are strongly amplified by the powerful interactions between the atmosphere and ice (e.g. ice-albedo and height-mass balance feedbacks). This leads to inaccurate or even unrealistic simulations of ice sheet extent and surface climate. To overcome this issue we need some methods to effectively explore the uncertainty in the complex Climate-Ice sheet system and reduce model biases. Here we present our approach to produce ensemble of coupled Climate-Ice sheet simulations of the Last Glacial maximum that explore the uncertainties in climate and ice sheet processes.</p><p>We use the FAMOUS-ICE earth system model, which comprises a coarse-resolution and fast general circulation model coupled to the Glimmer-CISM ice sheet model. We prescribe sea surface temperature and sea ice concentrations in order to control and reduce biases in polar climate, which strongly affect the surface mass balance and simulated extent of the northern hemisphere ice sheets. We develop and apply a method to reconstruct and sample a range of realistic sea surface temperature and sea-ice concentration spatio-temporal field. These are created by merging information from PMIP3/4 climate simulations and proxy-data for sea surface temperatures at the Last Glacial Maximum with Bayes linear analysis. We then use these to generate ensembles of FAMOUS-ice simulations of the Last Glacial maximum following the PMIP4 protocol, with the Greenland and North American ice sheets interactively simulated. In addition to exploring a range of sea surface conditions, we also vary key parameters that control the surface mass balance and flow of ice sheets. We thus produce ensembles of simulations that will later be used to emulate ice sheet surface mass balance.  </p>

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