Influence of continental outflow events on the aerosol composition at Cheju Island, South Korea

1997 ◽  
Vol 102 (D23) ◽  
pp. 28551-28574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Ling Chen ◽  
Gregory R. Carmichael ◽  
Min-Sun Hong ◽  
Hiromasa Ueda ◽  
Shang Shim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Aerosol Composition ◽  
Cheju Island ◽  
Continental Outflow

scholarly journals Source identification of nitrate on Cheju Island, South Korea

2001 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.F. Spalding ◽  
Z.K. U ◽  
S.W. Hyun ◽  
G.E. Martin ◽  
M.E. Burbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Source Identification ◽  
Cheju Island

Karyotype and RFLP of the nuclear rDNA of Crocidura sp. on Cheju Island, South Korea (Mammalia, Insectivora)

Mammalia ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. IWASA ◽  
S. OHDACHI ◽  
S.-H. HAN ◽  
H.-S. OH ◽  
H. ABE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Nuclear Rdna ◽  
Cheju Island

scholarly journals Impact of Asian continental outflow on the concentrations of O3, CO, NMHCs and halocarbons on Jeju Island, South Korea during March 2005

2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (14) ◽  
pp. 2933-2944 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.L.A. Wong ◽  
T. Wang ◽  
A. Ding ◽  
D.R. Blake ◽  
J.C. Nam
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Jeju Island ◽  
Continental Outflow

scholarly journals Separating refractory and non-refractory particulate chloride and estimating chloride depletion by aerosol mass spectrometry in a marine environment

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 2085-2118 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Nuaaman ◽  
S.-M. Li ◽  
K. L. Hayden ◽  
T. B. Onasch ◽  
P. Massoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scaling Factor ◽  
Sea Salt ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Aerosol Composition ◽  
Ambient Aerosols ◽  
Sea Salt Aerosols ◽  
Aerosol Mass ◽  
Chloride Depletion ◽  
Good Tracer ◽  
Continental Outflow

Abstract. Aerosol composition and concentration measurements along the coast of California were obtained using an Aerodyne high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-AMS) onboard the research vessel Atlantis during the CalNex study in 2010. This paper focuses on the measurement of aerosol chloride using the HR-AMS that can be ambiguous in regions with significant quantities of sea salt aerosols. This ambiguity arises due to large differences in the sensitivity of the HR-AMS to refractory chloride species (i.e., NaCl) and non refractory chloride species (i.e., NH4Cl, HCl, etc.). Using the HR-AMS, the aerosol chloride signal is typically quantified using ion signals for 35Cl+, H35Cl+, 37Cl+ and H37Cl+ (HxCl+). During this study, the highest aerosol chloride signal was observed during sea sweep experiments when the source of the aerosol chloride was NaCl present in artificially generated sea salt aerosols even though the HR-AMS has significantly lower sensitivity to such refractory species. Other prominent ion signals that arise from NaCl salt were also observed at m/z 22.99 for Na+ and m/z 57.96 for Na35Cl+ during both sea sweep experiments and during periods of ambient measurements. Thus, refractory NaCl contributes significantly to the HxCl+ signal, interfering with attempts to quantify non sea salt chloride (nssCl). It was found that during ambient aerosol measurements, the interference in the HxCl+ signal from sea salt chloride (ssCl) was as high as 89%, but with a study wide average of 10%. The Na35Cl+ ion signal was found to be a good tracer for NaCl. We outline a method to establish nssCl in the ambient aerosols by subtracting the sea salt chloride (ssCl) signal from the HxCl+ signal. The ssCl signal is derived from the Na35Cl+ ion tracer signal and the HxCl+ to Na35Cl+ ratio established from the sea sweep experiments. Ambient submicron concentrations of ssCl were also established using the Na35Cl+ ion tracer signal and a scaling factor determined through simultaneous measurements of submicron aerosol chloride on filters. This scaling factor accounts for the low vaporization response of the AMS heater to ssCl, although regular calibration of this response is recommended in future applications. It follows that true total particulate chloride (pCl) is the sum of nssCl and ssCl. In this study, the median levels observed for the concentrations of pCl, nssCl and ssCl were 0.052, 0.017 and 0.024 μg m−3 respectively. The average contributions of nssCl and ssCl to pCl were 48 and 52% respectively, with nssCl dominating in periods of continental outflow and ssCl dominating during other periods. Finally, we propose a method to measure percentage chloride depletion of NaCl in ambient submicron sea salt aerosols, strictly using the AMS measurements of Na+ and Na35Cl+ ion signals. The median chloride depletion in submicron aerosols in this study was found to be 78%.

scholarly journals Investigation of factors controlling PM2.5 variability across the South Korean Peninsula during KORUS-AQ

Elem Sci Anth ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn E. Jordan ◽  
James H. Crawford ◽  
Andreas J. Beyersdorf ◽  
Thomas F. Eck ◽  
Hannah S. Halliday ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Vertical Mixing ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Aerosol Composition ◽  
Mixing Depth ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Transboundary Transport

The Korea – United States Air Quality Study (May – June 2016) deployed instrumented aircraft and ground-based measurements to elucidate causes of poor air quality related to high ozone and aerosol concentrations in South Korea. This work synthesizes data pertaining to aerosols (specifically, particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters <2.5 micrometers, PM2.5) and conditions leading to violations of South Korean air quality standards (24-hr mean PM2.5 < 35 µg m–3). PM2.5 variability from AirKorea monitors across South Korea is evaluated. Detailed data from the Seoul vicinity are used to interpret factors that contribute to elevated PM2.5. The interplay between meteorology and surface aerosols, contrasting synoptic-scale behavior vs. local influences, is presented. Transboundary transport from upwind sources, vertical mixing and containment of aerosols, and local production of secondary aerosols are discussed. Two meteorological periods are probed for drivers of elevated PM2.5. Clear, dry conditions, with limited transport (Stagnant period), promoted photochemical production of secondary organic aerosol from locally emitted precursors. Cloudy humid conditions fostered rapid heterogeneous secondary inorganic aerosol production from local and transported emissions (Transport/Haze period), likely driven by a positive feedback mechanism where water uptake by aerosols increased gas-to-particle partitioning that increased water uptake. Further, clouds reduced solar insolation, suppressing mixing, exacerbating PM2.5 accumulation in a shallow boundary layer. The combination of factors contributing to enhanced PM2.5 is challenging to model, complicating quantification of contributions to PM2.5 from local versus upwind precursors and production. We recommend co-locating additional continuous measurements at a few AirKorea sites across South Korea to help resolve this and other outstanding questions: carbon monoxide/carbon dioxide (transboundary transport tracer), boundary layer height (surface PM2.5 mixing depth), and aerosol composition with aerosol liquid water (meteorologically-dependent secondary production). These data would aid future research to refine emissions targets to further improve South Korean PM2.5 air quality.

Seasonal variation of aerosol composition at Cheju Island, Korea

1996 ◽  
Vol 30 (13) ◽  
pp. 2407-2416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory R. Carmichael ◽  
Yang Zhang ◽  
Li-Ling Chen ◽  
Min-Sun Hong ◽  
Hiromasa Ueda
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Aerosol Composition ◽  
Cheju Island
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