scholarly journals Flux of particulate organic material from the euphotic zone of oceans: Estimation from phytoplankton biomass

1998 ◽  
Vol 103 (C2) ◽  
pp. 2897-2903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Legendre
Keyword(s):  
Organic Material ◽  
Phytoplankton Biomass ◽  
Euphotic Zone

Responses by benthic organisms to inputs of organic material to the ocean floor: a review

1990 ◽  
Vol 331 (1616) ◽  
pp. 119-138 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Material ◽  
Euphotic Zone ◽  
Ocean Floor ◽  
Sediment Surface ◽  
Benthic Organisms ◽  
Faecal Pellets ◽  
Reproductive Cycles ◽  
Benthic Ecosystems ◽  
Deposit Feeding ◽  
Northeastern Atlantic

Most of the photosynthetically produced organic material reaching the ocean-floor is transported as settling particles, among which larger particles such as faecal pellets and macroaggregates (marine snow) are particularly important. Recent studies in the northeastern Atlantic have demonstrated that macroaggregates originating from the euphotic zone settle at a rate of approximately 100-150 m d -1 to form a deposit (phytodetritus) on the sediment surface. Bacteria and protozoa (flagellates and foraminifers) rapidly colonize and multiply on phytodetritus, while large deposit feeding animals ingest it. Other inputs, for example Sargassum , wood and vertebrate carcasses, also evoke a rapid response by benthic organisms. However, the taxa that respond depend on the form of the organic material. The intermittent or seasonally pulsed nature of phytodetritus and many other inputs regulate the population dynamics and reproductive cycles of some responding species. These are often opportunists that are able to utilize ephemeral food resources and, therefore, undergo rapid fluctuations in population density. In addition, the patchy distribution of much of the organic material deposited on the ocean-floor probably plays a major role in structuring deep-sea benthic ecosystems.

scholarly journals In situ phytoplankton distributions in the Amundsen Sea Polynya measured by autonomous gliders

Elem Sci Anth ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Schofield ◽  
Travis Miles ◽  
Anne-Carlijn Alderkamp ◽  
SangHoon Lee ◽  
Christina Haskins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Layer ◽  
Phytoplankton Biomass ◽  
Austral Summer ◽  
Euphotic Zone ◽  
Optical Data ◽  
Phytoplankton Blooms ◽  
Amundsen Sea ◽  
Water Column Stability ◽  
Upper Mixed Layer

Abstract The Amundsen Sea Polynya is characterized by large phytoplankton blooms, which makes this region disproportionately important relative to its size for the biogeochemistry of the Southern Ocean. In situ data on phytoplankton are limited, which is problematic given recent reports of sustained change in the Amundsen Sea. During two field expeditions to the Amundsen Sea during austral summer 2010–2011 and 2014, we collected physical and bio-optical data from ships and autonomous underwater gliders. Gliders documented large phytoplankton blooms associated with Antarctic Surface Waters with low salinity surface water and shallow upper mixed layers (< 50 m). High biomass was not always associated with a specific water mass, suggesting the importance of upper mixed depth and light in influencing phytoplankton biomass. Spectral optical backscatter and ship pigment data suggested that the composition of phytoplankton was spatially heterogeneous, with the large blooms dominated by Phaeocystis and non-bloom waters dominated by diatoms. Phytoplankton growth rates estimated from field data (≤ 0.10 day−1) were at the lower end of the range measured during ship-based incubations, reflecting both in situ nutrient and light limitations. In the bloom waters, phytoplankton biomass was high throughout the 50-m thick upper mixed layer. Those biomass levels, along with the presence of colored dissolved organic matter and detritus, resulted in a euphotic zone that was often < 10 m deep. The net result was that the majority of phytoplankton were light-limited, suggesting that mixing rates within the upper mixed layer were critical to determining the overall productivity; however, regional productivity will ultimately be controlled by water column stability and the depth of the upper mixed layer, which may be enhanced with continued ice melt in the Amundsen Sea Polynya.

Light climate in the Gippsland Lakes, Victoria

1984 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 517 ◽  
Author(s):  
NJ Hickman ◽  
PE McShane ◽  
DM Axelrad
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetically Active Radiation ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Phytoplankton Biomass ◽  
Vertical Mixing ◽  
Particulate Material ◽  
Light Climate ◽  
Active Radiation ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
Periodic Exposure ◽  
Lake Waters

Variation in the light climate of Lakes Wellington, Victoria and King, Gippsland, Vic. occurred both seasonally and between the three lakes studied. Absorption of photosynthetically active radiation was related primarily to concentration of non-chlorophyllous particulate material (tripton) with dissolved organic material (gilvin) and particulate chlorophyll being of lesser importance in influencing light climate. Lake waters were characterized by selective attenuation of red (650-700 nm wavelength) and blue (400-500 nm wavelength) quanta with depth. .Though most photosynthetically active radiation in Lake Wellington was removed in the first 1 m of depth, phytoplankton biomass was higher than in Lake King which had more available light. Vertical mixing, resulting in periodic exposure of phytoplankton to surface light levels, is suggested as a mechanism whereby the relatively high phytoplankton biomass of Lake Wellington is maintained.

Influence of the Shelf-Break Front Off Nova Scotia on Phytoplankton Standing Stock in Winter

1979 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 1228-1237 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. O. Fournier ◽  
M. Van Det ◽  
J. S. Wilson ◽  
N. B. Hargreaves
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Phytoplankton Biomass ◽  
Standing Stock ◽  
Euphotic Zone ◽  
Shelf Break ◽  
Growth Enhancement ◽  
Average Amount ◽  
Growth Increase

Observations made on the shelf-break front off Nova Scotia during winter on 2 successive yr show the concentration of chlorophyll a in the euphotic zone to be correlated to the inclination of the subsurface front. The steepness of the front influences the depth to which phytoplankton are mixed which in turn controls the average amount of illumination received by a given cell. The two winter observations showed the subsurface front at each of two extremes: vertical with little phytoplankton biomass and almost horizontal with significant quantities of chlorophyll. Calculations were made as to the amount of production enchancement that could result from shallowing of the mixed layer by decreased frontal inclination. They show that during the winter under ideal conditions as few as 35 d of intermittent growth increase annual production in the frontal region by 25%. Key words: front, winter production, phytoplankton, shelf-break, chlorophyll a, frontal oscillations, growth enhancement, stability, stratification

Preliminary Studies on the Export of Organic Matter During Phytoplankton Blooms off La Coruña (Northwestern Spain)

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Bode ◽  
Manuel Varela ◽  
Susana Barquero ◽  
Ma Teresa Ossorio-Alvarez ◽  
Nicolás Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Phytoplankton Biomass ◽  
Euphotic Zone ◽  
Phytoplankton Blooms ◽  
Coastal Site ◽  
Northwestern Spain ◽  
Western Spain ◽  
North Western

Sinking of particles was measured at a coastal site near La Coruña (north-western Spain) using sedimentation traps placed at the base of the euphotic zone during four short periods between March and June 1995. In addition, measurements of water column properties and particles were made at five stations. The cases studied were representative of the main oceanographic situations that occur in this area and were related to the wind-induced upwelling. Phytoplankton blooms (> 100 mg chlorophyll−a m−2) were observed on two occasions in April and June, both during favourable upwelling conditions. The two other cases were studied during low phytoplankton biomass concentrations in the water column.

Periphyton in Lakes of Different Trophy

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonella Cattaneo
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Phytoplankton Biomass ◽  
Life Form ◽  
The Other ◽  
Filamentous Algae ◽  
Periphyton Biomass ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Recreational Use ◽  
Total P

In a study of 10 lakes in the Eastern Townships (Quebec) periphyton biomass correlated less well with total P (TP) concentration in the water than did phytoplankton biomass. The relationship with TP was improved somewhat when periphyton biomass was estimated as cell volume rather than as chlorophyll or organic material. When the community was divided among various groups according to taxa, life form, and size, only the biomasses of greens, filamentous algae, and algae exceeding 10 000 μm3 were correlated with TP. The biomass of the smaller algae, which are more readily grazed by benthos, was about the same in all lakes whereas nuisance forms increased significantly with P enrichment. At more eutrophic sites, maximal periphyton biomasses were observed in midsummer, coinciding with peak recreational use of lakes, whereas at the other sites, maxima appeared earlier in the season.

Biological treatment for removal of organic material and ammonium from leachate at low temperatures

1999 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 487-492
Author(s):  
Rittia H. Kettunen ◽  
Pertti Keskitalo ◽  
Taina H. Hoilijoki ◽  
Jukka A. Rintala
Keyword(s):  
Organic Material ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Biological Treatment

Pengolahan Limbah Domba Menjadi Bokashi di Desa Arjowilangun, Kecamatan Kalipare Kabupaten Malang

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moch Agus Choiron ◽  
Siti Azizah ◽  
Nafisah Arina Hidayati
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Previous Discussion ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Village People ◽  
Pathogenic Microbes

Arjowilangun Village is a post-TKI village. People choose to become sheep farmers with less capital than being cattle farmers. Based on the previous discussion, waste management is required to ensure the sustainability of environment in Arjowilangun Village. Processing sheep and agricultural waste program is held by Doktor Mengabdi team. Farmers can learn how to make Bokashi from waste. The method used is composting aerobic or anaerobic starters for composting organic material. A decomposer as collection of several good microbes from fungi work to control pathogenic microbes assists the fermentation process. Based on the results of the pre-test and post-test during the training, it can be showed that understanding of the breeders' potential of the environment is increased.

LBA-ECO CD-02 CARBON, NITROGEN, OXYGEN STABLE ISOTOPES IN ORGANIC MATERIAL, BRAZIL

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. BERRY, ◽  
C. COOK, ◽  
T.F. DOMINGUES, ◽  
J. EHLERINGER, ◽  
L. FLANAGAN, ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Oxygen Stable Isotopes
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document