Electron and proton radiation belt dynamic simulations during storm periods: A new asymmetric convection-diffusion model

1997 ◽  
Vol 102 (A8) ◽  
pp. 17541-17552 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bourdarie ◽  
D. Boscher ◽  
T. Beutier ◽  
J.-A. Sauvaud ◽  
M. Blanc
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Model ◽  
Radiation Belt ◽  
Proton Radiation ◽  
Dynamic Simulations ◽  
Convection Diffusion

Modeling Radiation Belt Electron Dynamics with the DREAM3D Diffusion Model

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weichao Tu ◽  
Gregory S. Cunningham ◽  
Yue Chen ◽  
Michael G. Henderson ◽  
Steven K. Morley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Model ◽  
Radiation Belt ◽  
Electron Dynamics

scholarly journals Direct observation of the CRAND proton radiation belt source

2013 ◽  
Vol 118 (12) ◽  
pp. 7532-7537 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Selesnick ◽  
M. K. Hudson ◽  
B. T. Kress
Keyword(s):  
Direct Observation ◽  
Radiation Belt ◽  
Proton Radiation

scholarly journals Proton Radiation Belt Anisotropy as Seen by ICARE-NG Head-A

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 1753-1760 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ruffenach ◽  
S. Bourdarie ◽  
J. Mekki ◽  
D. Falguere ◽  
J. R. Vaille
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Belt ◽  
Proton Radiation

scholarly journals Impact of Earth’s Magnetic Field Secular Drift on the Low-Altitude Proton Radiation Belt From 1900 to 2050

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 1746-1752
Author(s):  
S. Bourdarie ◽  
A. Fournier ◽  
A. Sicard ◽  
G. Hulot ◽  
J. Aubert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Radiation Belt ◽  
Proton Radiation ◽  
Earth’S Magnetic Field ◽  
Earth's Magnetic Field ◽  
Low Altitude

scholarly journals Coupled elasticity–diffusion model for the effects of cytoskeleton deformation on cellular uptake of cylindrical nanoparticles

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (102) ◽  
pp. 20141023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jizeng Wang ◽  
Long Li
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Model ◽  
Cellular Uptake ◽  
Configurational Entropy ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
Dynamic Simulations ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Membrane Deformations

Molecular dynamic simulations and experiments have recently demonstrated how cylindrical nanoparticles (CNPs) with large aspect ratios penetrate animal cells and inevitably deform cytoskeletons. Thus, a coupled elasticity–diffusion model was adopted to elucidate this interesting biological phenomenon by considering the effects of elastic deformations of cytoskeleton and membrane, ligand–receptor binding and receptor diffusion. The mechanism by which the binding energy drives the CNPs with different orientations to enter host cells was explored. This mechanism involved overcoming the resistance caused by cytoskeleton and membrane deformations and the change in configurational entropy of the ligand–receptor bonds and free receptors. Results showed that deformation of the cytoskeleton significantly influenced the engulfing process by effectively slowing down and even hindering the entry of the CNPs. Additionally, the engulfing depth was determined quantitatively. CNPs preferred or tended to vertically attack target cells until they were stuck in the cytoskeleton as implied by the speed of vertically oriented CNPs that showed much faster initial engulfing speeds than horizontally oriented CNPs. These results elucidated the most recent molecular dynamics simulations and experimental observations on the cellular uptake of carbon nanotubes and phagocytosis of filamentous Escherichia coli bacteria. The most efficient engulfment showed the stiffness-dependent optimal radius of the CNPs. Cytoskeleton stiffness exhibited more significant influence on the optimal sizes of the vertical uptake than the horizontal uptake.

scholarly journals Modeling radiation belt electron dynamics during GEM challenge intervals with the DREAM3D diffusion model

2013 ◽  
Vol 118 (10) ◽  
pp. 6197-6211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weichao Tu ◽  
G. S. Cunningham ◽  
Y. Chen ◽  
M. G. Henderson ◽  
E. Camporeale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Model ◽  
Radiation Belt ◽  
Electron Dynamics
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