Electric fields and currents induced in organs of the human body when exposed to ELF and VLF electromagnetic fields

Radio Science ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 1153-1167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronold W. P. King ◽  
Sheldon S. Sandler
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Electric Fields And Currents

scholarly journals Computation of currents induced by ELF electric fields in anisotropic human tissues using the Finite Integration Technique (FIT)

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 227-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. C. Motrescu ◽  
U. van Rienen
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Integration Technique ◽  
Human Body Model ◽  
Body Model ◽  
Finite Integration Technique ◽  
Muscle Tissues

Abstract. In the recent years, the task of estimating the currents induced within the human body by environmental electromagnetic fields has received increased attention from scientists around the world. While important progress was made in this direction, the unpredictable behaviour of living biological tissue made it difficult to quantify its reaction to electromagnetic fields and has kept the problem open. A successful alternative to the very difficult one of performing measurements is that of computing the fields within a human body model using numerical methods implemented in a software code. One of the difficulties is represented by the fact that some tissue types exhibit an anisotropic character with respect to their dielectric properties. Our work consists of computing currents induced by extremely low frequency (ELF) electric fields in anisotropic muscle tissues using in this respect, a human body model extended with muscle fibre orientations as well as an extended version of the Finite Integration Technique (FIT) able to compute fully anisotropic dielectric properties.

Computational assessment of effects of electric fields and currents in tokamak edge plasmas

1995 ◽  
Vol 220-222 ◽  
pp. 982-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Baelmans ◽  
D. Reiter ◽  
R.R. Weynants ◽  
R. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Tokamak Edge ◽  
Edge Plasmas ◽  
Electric Fields And Currents

scholarly journals Effects of solar eclipse on the electrodynamical processes of the equatorial ionosphere: a case study during 11 August 1999 dusk time total solar eclipse over India

2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1977-1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sridharan ◽  
C. V. Devasia ◽  
N. Jyoti ◽  
Diwakar Tiwari ◽  
K. S. Viswanathan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Solar Eclipse ◽  
Equatorial Ionosphere ◽  
Hf Radar ◽  
F Region ◽  
Large Enhancement ◽  
Temporal Structures ◽  
E Region ◽  
Field Lines ◽  
Electric Fields And Currents

Abstract. The effects on the electrodynamics of the equatorial E- and F-regions of the ionosphere, due to the occurrence of the solar eclipse during sunset hours on 11 August 1999, were investigated in a unique observational campaign involving ground based ionosondes, VHF and HF radars from the equatorial location of Trivandrum (8.5° N; 77° E; dip lat. 0.5° N), India. The study revealed the nature of changes brought about by the eclipse in the evening time E- and F-regions in terms of (i) the sudden intensification of a weak blanketing ES-layer and the associated large enhancement of the VHF backscattered returns, (ii) significant increase in h' F immediately following the eclipse and (iii) distinctly different spatial and temporal structures in the spread-F irregularity drift velocities as observed by the HF radar. The significantly large enhancement of the backscattered returns from the E-region coincident with the onset of the eclipse is attributed to the generation of steep electron density gradients associated with the blanketing ES , possibly triggered by the eclipse phenomena. The increase in F-region base height immediately after the eclipse is explained as due to the reduction in the conductivity of the conjugate E-region in the path of totality connected to the F-region over the equator along the magnetic field lines, and this, with the peculiar local and regional conditions, seems to have reduced the E-region loading of the F-region dynamo, resulting in a larger post sunset F-region height (h' F) rise. These aspects of E-and F-region behaviour on the eclipse day are discussed in relation to those observed on the control day.Key words. Ionosphere (electric fields and currents; equatorial ionosphere; ionospheric irregularities)

scholarly journals Regional estimation of electric fields and currents in the polar ionosphere

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariko Sato ◽  
Y. Kamide ◽  
A. D. Richmond ◽  
A. Brekke ◽  
S. Nozawa
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Polar Ionosphere ◽  
Regional Estimation ◽  
Electric Fields And Currents

scholarly journals Computation of electrostatic fields in anisotropic human tissues using the Finite Integration Technique (FIT)

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 309-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. C. Motresc ◽  
U. van Rienen
Keyword(s):  
Coordinate System ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Local Coordinate System ◽  
Anisotropic Materials ◽  
The Body ◽  
Integration Technique ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Computer Data ◽  
Finite Integration Technique

Abstract. The exposure of human body to electromagnetic fields has in the recent years become a matter of great interest for scientists working in the area of biology and biomedicine. Due to the difficulty of performing measurements, accurate models of the human body, in the form of a computer data set, are used for computations of the fields inside the body by employing numerical methods such as the method used for our calculations, namely the Finite Integration Technique (FIT). A fact that has to be taken into account when computing electromagnetic fields in the human body is that some tissue classes, i.e. cardiac and skeletal muscles, have higher electrical conductivity and permittivity along fibers rather than across them. This property leads to diagonal conductivity and permittivity tensors only when expressing them in a local coordinate system while in a global coordinate system they become full tensors. The Finite Integration Technique (FIT) in its classical form can handle diagonally anisotropic materials quite effectively but it needed an extension for handling fully anisotropic materials. New electric voltages were placed on the grid and a new averaging method of conductivity and permittivity on the grid was found. In this paper, we present results from electrostatic computations performed with the extended version of FIT for fully anisotropic materials.

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